高雄縣國小高年級學童口腔衛生教育介入研究

An Intervention Study of Oral Health Education for Senior School children in Elemetary School of Kaohsiung County

廖美蘭(Mei-Lan Liao)

指導教授 ： 楊奕馨

高雄醫學大學/口腔醫學院/口腔衛生科學研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2004年)

摘要

中文摘要
研究背景：
近年來雖然生活品質提升，然而學童齲齒率仍居高不下。在國外
的研究發現如能注意到去研究設計口腔健康教育活動所需的教材，確
實做到衛教，是可改變學生的口腔保健行為，達到口腔健康的目的。
研究目的：
本研究針對目前國小的口腔衛生教育，設計一套適用於國小高年
級學童的口腔衛生教育課程之教學計畫活動,進行口腔衛生教育介
入，了解學生口腔衛生知識、態度與行為改變情形。
研究方法：
本研究對象為高雄縣位於沿海地區，兩所國小高年級的學童共
156 人，其中實驗組為77 人，對照組為79 人。實驗組與對照組在前
測進行問卷和口檢，對照組只給一般衛教單張，實驗組進行衛教介入
後再期中測，隔一暑假後，再進行衛教介入，共上36 節課每節40 分
鐘，於課程結束後，實驗組與對照組進行後測，資料統整後使用JMP5
統計分析。
結果：
一.實驗組在口腔保健知識及態度後測增加量（知識：3.61（±1.93），
p 值<0.0001，態度：2.22（±4.56），p 值=0.0046）顯著多於對
照組。
二.本研究發現實驗組的口腔保健行為，每天刷牙五次以上是呈持續
增加，前測為32.47﹪、而後測增加至68.83%。在三餐之外吃零食
（偶而不是每天）前測為71.43﹪，而後測增加至90.91％，顯示
在吃零食習慣有改善。在介入過程中有些口腔保健項目的履行會
有增加又下降的現象，如會自動自發刷牙，在前測為0.00﹪，期
中測量為55.84﹪，而後測為53.25％。。
結論：
實驗組在經過課程介入後不論在口腔知識、態度、行為都有其效
果。本研究發現，在口腔保健課程完成後，有些口腔保健行為是持續
增加（刷牙次數），介入後分數增加又下降（吃零食次數、自動自發
刷牙、定期看牙醫、口腔自我檢查）等項。因此學生口腔保健行為的
延續，有賴於持續督促。
關鍵詞：口腔衛生教育介入、國小高年級學童、口腔保健知識、
態度、行為

關鍵字

國小高年級學童 ； 口腔保健知識 ； 口腔衛生教育介入

並列摘要

Abstract
Background:
Although the quality of life has been improved, the prevalence
rates of caries of the schoolchildren were still high. Previous studies
had shown that oral health education can change the oral health
behaviors, and hence reduce oral cavity.
Study purposes:
The purposes of this research were to design a set of teaching
planning activities, which can be applied to educational curriculum on
senior schoolchildren of primary school, and to investigate the
knowledge, attitude, and behavioral changes.
Methods:
There were 156 schoolchildren of senior grade schoolchildren
from the two primary schools at coastland of Kaohsiung County. The
experiment group had 77 schoolchildren, and the control group had 79
schoolchildren.
At the first stage, schoolchildren in both groups finished pre-test
questionnaire. The control group was provided a booklet of basic
information on oral health care. There were 36 classes (40 minutes)
provided to the experiment group. Later, both groups received
post-test questionnaire. The statistical analyses were performed by
JMP5.
Results：
I. It was found that the score changes on knowledge (3.61±1.93,
p-value<0.0001) and attitude (2.22 ±4.56, p-value=0.0046) from
pre- to post-tests were statistically significantly better in the
experiment group.
II. It was found that the proportion of students in experiment group
who wash their teeth more than five times a day was increased from
32.47% to 68.83%. The proportion of not eating snacks other than
the daily three meals had changed from 71.43% to 90.91%. The
results indicated that the habit on taking snacks was better. The
behavior of brushing teeth after eating changed from 0.00%,
55.84% to 53.25%.
Conclusion：
The knowledge, attitude and behavior were improved after
intervention. It is important that the sustainability of oral health
education. It was found some behaviors on oral health care were
improved (the time of washing tooth) after finished the program.
There were items with proportions increased and decreased again
including (the time of taking snacks, wash tooth spontaneously, see
dentist regularly and self-check oral cavity). Therefore the
continuation of caring the schoolchildren’ teeth should depend on
the continual supervision.

Key words: Oral health Education intervention, elementary school
schoolchildren, Oral health Knowledge, attitude, behavior.

並列關鍵字

attitude ； behavior ； Oral health Knowledge ； Oral health Education intervention ； elementary school schoolchildren

參考文獻

參考文獻：

1. 行政院衛生署。台灣地區6-18 歲兒童口腔狀況調查。行政院衛

生署89 年度委託研究計畫研究報告。2000。

2. 晏涵文、劉貴雲。台灣地區國小學童口腔衛生知識、態度、行為

及其影響因素研究措施。衛生教育論文集刊3（民78）；139-158 。