國小教師口腔衛生知識、態度及行為之探討－以高雄縣、市為例

研究背景：國內在促進學齡期兒童口腔健康的努力上，目前以國民小學為基口腔保健計畫包括含氟漱口水計畫、餐後潔牙計畫等，西元2004年開始推行健康促進學校，口腔衛生也列入十三項主題中。推動校園口腔保健計畫中教師是健康促進者，扮演了非常重要的角色，因此必須具備良好的口腔衛生知識、態度及行為，才能提供學童正確的口腔衛生教育。然而國內國小教師相關的文獻較少，本研究重點在探討國小教師口腔衛生知識、態度及行為，希望藉此研究的結果提供相關部門推動校園口腔保健計畫之參考。研究目的：研究目的在探討國小教師口腔衛生知識、態度、行為現況及其與社會人口學、校園口腔保健計畫間之關係。研究方法：本研究乃針對2005年9月至2006年1月任教於高雄縣、市國小教師，進行口腔衛生知識、態度及行為問卷調查。抽樣調查設計採分層集束抽樣（Stratified cluster sampling）調查法，共計抽出50所學校，教師人數1866位。回收有效問卷1024份，回收率54.88﹪，將問卷資料以Microsoft Access 建檔，再以JMP統計軟體進行統計分析。研究結果：國小教師口腔衛生知識分數平均為67.05±13.52，影響因素有性別、年齡、擔任職務、服務地區、服務學校是否參加含氟漱口水計畫。態度分數平均為76.82±6.69，影響因素有婚姻狀況、服務學校是否為93或94學年度健康促進學校、教師清不清楚服務學校是否有參加餐後潔牙計畫。口腔衛生行為方面，國小教師刷牙次數以一天三次（含）以上佔62.31%居多，影響因素有性別、年齡、三年內是否參加過口腔衛生相關課程。使用貝氏刷牙法之教師佔48.24%，有定期看牙醫習慣之教師佔57.67%。結論：研究結果發現整體而言國小教師口腔衛生知識尚待加強，態度屬正向，行為比一般民眾好，然而以口腔衛生促進者角色而言應再努力加強。建議訂定教師口腔衛生課程標準教材，加強國小教師參與口腔衛生相關研討會。整合校園口腔保健計畫，並且有組織、有系統、持續性推動。

關鍵字

口腔衛生知識、態度、行為；國小教師

並列摘要

Background: The efforts of oral health promotion for Taiwan school children, where the oral hygiene program is based in primary schools include fluoride rinse program and brush teeth after meals program. And oral health was listed into the 13 main subjects in health promotion in schools carried out in 2004. Since the teachers are important health promotion helpers in the character of carrying out the school oral hygiene program, they ought to be qualified for fine oral health related knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) to educate the school children the correct oral health education. Due to poor research regarding this subject, the present study aimed at the oral health related knowledge, attitude and practice of primary school teachers. Hopefully this study will provide valuable references to the community dentistry researchers about carrying out the school oral hygiene program. Objective: The purpose of this study was to research the status of the primary school teachers’ oral health related knowledge, attitude and practice, and the relationship between social demographic status and school oral hygiene program. Method: 50 primary schools and 1,866 teachers in Kaohsiung county and city were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. The study was carried out by using a postal questionnaire including items on oral health related KAP. The duration of this procedure was from September 2005 to January 2006.The response rate was 54.88% (1,024 teachers). The data were analyzed with JMP statistical software. Results: The mean score of primary school teachers’ oral health related knowledge was 67.05±13.52. The mean knowledge score was statistically significantly associated with factors such as gender, age, position in the schools, geographic area of the school and fluoride mouth rinse program. The mean score of oral health related attitude of primary school teachers was 76.82±6.69. The mean attitude score was statistically significantly associated with factors such as marrital status, whether the school had a health promotion program or not, and knowing if their were schools involved in the brushing teeth program or not. The mean score of primary school teachers’ oral health related practice were: (1) 62.31% of the teachers brushed their teeth 3 times a day, which occupied the highest number in this study, and was statistically significantly associated with factors such as gender, age and if the teacher had taken oral health related courses within 3 years. (2) 48.24% of them brush their teeth by Bass Method. (3) 57.67% of the teachers visited a dentist routinely. Conclusion: Emphasis is needed on the oral health related knowledge of teachers. The oral health related attitude considered a positive attitude, oral health related practice was better than the general public. We recommend that we need to design standard oral health related teaching materials for the primary school teachers and encourage them to get involved in oral health related conferences. To integrate and organize all school oral hygiene related programs and promote them systematically and continuously.