建立“依法涉臺”原則－《反分裂國家法》的分析與評估

The Analysis and Evalution of the Anti-Secession Law

邵宗海(Chong-Hai Shaw)

《遠景基金會季刊》 7卷2期 (2006/04) Pp. 1-51

https://doi.org/10.7063/PQ.200604.0001

摘要

《反分裂國家法》於2005年3月14日由中華人民共和國第十屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議通過，並經中華人民共和國主席胡錦濤以第34號令於同日公布起施行，條文共十條。
中國國務院總理溫家寶在人代會閉幕之後的記者會上說明《反分裂國家法》「是一個加強和推進兩岸關係的法，是一部和平統一的法，而不是針對臺灣人民的，也不是一部戰爭法」。
但是，臺灣不管在官方及民間均對《反分裂國家法》採取反彈的態度，因此，《反分裂國家法》的定位應正確擺在什麼位置，本文特從其內容及取向來進行分析。其次，《反分裂國家法》對中國大陸、臺灣及國際社會的影響會如何？當然值得分析，這裡會有幾個容易引起爭論的問題需要澄清：法律取代了政策，對北京當局會是正面或是負面影響；雖然只是中國大陸內部的「國內法」，但中國憲法已明文規範「臺灣是中華人民共和國神聖領土不可分割的一部分」，在還沒有正式實質「法理定位」臺灣之前，會產生什麼樣的約束結果。最後是解析《反分裂國家法》對兩岸關係發展所形成的整個影響，短期之內，我們有見到臺灣情緒的反彈，兩岸關係與交流均在倒退，但正因為北京刻意地克制與低調，並在兩岸之間營造更多善意氣氛，加上臺北確有「自制」作為，那麼長期之後，《反分裂國家法》到底會否創
造兩岸關係的新局，當有待觀察。

關鍵字

反分裂國家法 ； 戰爭法 ； 和平法 ； 兩岸關係 ； 胡四點

並列摘要

The Anti-Secession Law of 2005 was adopted at the Third Session of the Tenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on March 14. After the session, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao met the press by saying that ”It is not a law of war but the one for pursuing the peaceful reunification of China. It is also not a law for changing the status quo in Taiwan Straits but rather the one for maintaining the peace and stability in this region.”
The responses from Taipei Authority and the people in Taiwan were obviously strong. They all opposed to the Anti-Secession Law. Contradicting the viewpoints from Beijing, Taipei believed the law against the Taiwanese's will. What is the actual position of the Anti-Secession Law, war or peace, may cause a controversy between Beijing and Taipei due to the huge gap of their different viewpoints. The influence of the Law conducted by Mainland China to Taiwan, even international society, is worth of analyzing its potential developments. Besides, there are also several issues for Beijing to be clarified. For example, whether will the result cause the negative or positive impacts after the traditional Taiwan policy is replaced by the Law, or how will the Beijing authority handle the Taiwan Problem under the Anti-Secession Law, especially in its position as the domestic law, since Beijing has not yet provided the political definition to Taiwan either in Chinese Constitution or in Chinese law?
Finally, the focus will place on the impacts from the further developments of the Anti-Secession Law. We all find the deliberate control taken by Beijing and self-control appeared in Taipei in the short term. What will be for the both sides of the Taiwan Strait in the long range is worth to observe.

並列關鍵字

Anti-Secession Law ； Law of War ； Law of Peace ； Cross-Strait Relations ； Four-Point Guidelines on Cross-Straits Relations

參考文獻

林文程(2005)。從制訂反分裂國家法看北京對臺政策之發展。中國大陸研究中心通訊。

章念馳(2004)。兩岸關係：現在與未來的反思。中國評論。

楊開煌(2005)。「反分裂國家法」對兩岸關係之影響。展望與探索。

蔡瑋(2005)。從中共反分裂國家法的內容分析。中國大陸研究中心通訊。

「中華歐亞基金會『和平論壇』－中共制訂『反分裂國家法』的意涵與影響」座談會