美國霸權與國際秩序：一項歷史分析

20世紀是美國霸權的時代，也是構建國際秩序的時代，期間三次國際秩序的訴求都是美國發起的，國際制度建設是其根本途徑，這也集中反映出美國是20世紀世界霸權的意義。進入21世紀，小布希總統致力於通過國際制度改造，以建立具有帝國特徵的單極秩序，體現了美國大戰略的轉軌。作者認為，在一定程度上，當前國際秩序的建設有賴於美國決策者的觀念創新和制度創新，這種創新不僅源自於美國對其國內經驗、歷史經驗與教訓的回溯，也源於對世界發展大趨勢的掌握。鑑於國際制度作為建構未來秩序的基本原則越來越成為國際社會的共識，並對美國單邊主義戰略展現其抑制效應，國際制度在美國世界新秩序謀畫中的戰略價值將進一步展現。

關鍵字

美國霸權；國際秩序；國際制度；單邊主義；歷史分析

並列摘要

The 20th Century was an era of U.S. hegemony and international order construction as well, during which the United States initiated three campaigns of international order construction, and treated international institutional building as a main approach, which manifested that the United States was the world hegemony of the 20th Century. Entering into the 21st Century, President George W. Bush is devoted to setting up a unipolar international order (as new world order) with empire characteristics via international institutional reconstruction, which reflects a great turn of U.S. grand strategy. The author renders that, to a certain extent, international order construction today somehow depends on the concept innovations and institutional innovations of the U.S. decision-makers, which not only root on American's remounts to its domestic experiences, historical experiences and lessons, but also ground on their understanding of world trends. Since institutional building as basic principle of international order construction becomes a common sense of international community, and international institutions in general play an important role in restraining the unilateralism of the United States, the strategic values of international institutions would demonstrate further in American efforts of ”new world order” construction.