開放中國大陸科技和商務人才來臺的政策變遷分析

在推動兩岸交流的國民黨時期，政府限制中國大陸科技人士來臺，但自2000年政黨輪替後，向來對兩岸交流採取強硬立場的民進黨政府，卻大幅度開放中國大陸專業人士來臺。本文檢視移民政策研究採取的國家利益、利益團體和制度主義三種模式發現，正如國家利益模式的描述，國家機器主導移民政策變遷；同時，制度主義所稱的自由困境、認知因素和人道關懷，也對決策者產生重要影響。整合兩種模式，才能說明民進黨政府時期開放中國大陸科技和商務人士來臺的政策變遷。

關鍵字

臺灣；中國大陸；科技人才；移民政策；官僚競爭

並列摘要

During the rule of the pro-unification KMT, inviting tech experts and business professionals from Mainland China was not all that rampant. Quite the contrary, the DPP, after having held a hard stance against cross-strait exchanges, effected a policy reform concerning the recruitment of Mainland Chinese technology and business professionals following its role as the ruling party in 2000. Among the three possible explanations for the policy change in immigration, i.e. the national interest model, interest group model, and institutionalism model, this paper found that the national interest model could better explain the policymaking process, when examined, than the interest group model. Still, the institutionalism model, which focuses on the liberal paradox, the perception factors, and the human side of migrants, by and large affect and influence decision makers. Only by combining the national interest model and the institutionalism model could we fully understand the nature and basics of the dynamics of policy process in the opening up of recruiting mainland technology and business professionals to Taiwan.