由國家政策與社會趨勢探討台灣電資科技人才流動之現象

Study on the Brain Migrations of Taiwan’s Electronic Industry in terms of National Policy and Social Trend

陳永耀(Yung-Yaw Chen)

指導教授 ： 柯承恩

共同指導教授 ： 黃崇興

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/商學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.01653

摘要

近來，台灣大學電機資訊科系的學生選擇在國內就讀研究所與就業之現象越來越普遍。相較之下，出國留學之趨勢似乎下降到30％的低水平。二十年前，台灣有「人才外流」至美國的現象。許多優秀的人才，如台大電機系每年約有85％的畢業生選擇出國留學並大部份留在留學國發展家庭與事業。然由於「人才回流」與「人才循環」的作用，台灣不但能夠奮力求生，更在九十年代創造了台灣經濟奇蹟。由台灣過去的經驗可知，維持與美國或其他國家之人才流動，對於土地與資源有限之台灣，應該是正確的策略。然而在經濟發展所帶來的富裕生活背後，隱藏了科技人才選擇出國留學之高機會成本，也使得國內之優秀人才基於個人短期經濟利益之考慮，紛紛選擇就讀國內研究所，更進而加入國防役之行列，從而放棄出國留學之選擇。長期而言，台灣之國際競爭力將因此受到極大之影響。
本論文以十個國立大學電機資訊科系為對象，進行問卷調查，主要之目的在探討出國留學意願下降之原因。調查發現，缺乏獎學金補助無法負擔出國留學費用之經濟因素，以及國內研究所低入學門檻是影響電機資訊領域學生在國內就讀研究所之重要原因。此外，國防役之實施更提高了出國留學之機會成本。綜合上述各項因素，造成了學生留在國內發展及出國意願的下降。針對調查之分析結果，本論文亦提出設立留學獎學金之建議以供政策制定之參考。

關鍵字

人才循環 ； 人才回流 ； 國防役 ； 留學 ； 人才培育政策

並列摘要

It is from the observations of the author that the EECS students in National Taiwan University are staying in Taiwan for their graduate studies and professional careers increasingly. The trend of studying abroad, mainly in the US, declined to a pretty low level of roughly 30% of the EECS college graduates. Taiwan was one of the countries which suffered from the “Brain Drain” to the US almost two decades ago. A very significant number of our talents, up to 85% in the EECS of NTU, studied in the US and opted for a better life and career. However, Taiwan survived and achieved a miraculous economic development in the 90’s, owing to at least partially to the phenomenon of “Reverse Brain Drain”. From the past successful experience of Taiwan, it seems to be strategically correct that we maintain a constant brain circulation with the US and other countries. In this thesis, a survey of ten EE and CS departments of national universities in Taiwan is conducted. The objective of the survey is to investigate the possible reasons on the decline of the number of students studying abroad. It is found that the lack of scholarship for financial support is the key factor for the EECS students to study domestically and the increasing number of graduate schools in Taiwan also provides the EECS students with easy access to domestic graduate schools. The four-year defense service then effectively raises the opportunity cost of studying abroad. With all these factors combined, an EECS student is likely to develop his career domestically instead of internationally. Some suggestions are also given to be the reference for policy makings.

並列關鍵字

Brain Circulation ； Reverse Brain Drain ； National Defense Service ； Studying Abroad ； Policy of Human Resources

參考文獻

T.-J. Chen and H.-Y. Sue, “On-the-job training as a cause of brain drain”, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 131, No. 3, pp. 526-541, 1995.

C. H. Kao and J. W. Lee, “An empirical analysis of China’s brain drain into the United States”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 500-513, 1973.

Q. Li, “China’s brain drain to the United States”, The International Migration Review, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 1128-1129, Winter 1997.

J. A. Mathews, “A Silicon Valley of the East: creating Taiwan’s semiconductor industry”, California Management Review, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 26-54, 1997.

A. Portes, “Global villagers: the rise of transnational communities”, The American Prospect, pp. 74-77, March-April 1996.