從新保守主義論述變遷中的日本防衛政策

The Changing Japanese Defense Policy-A Perspective from Neo-Conservatism

蔡增家(Zheng-Jia Tsai)

《遠景基金會季刊》 8卷3期 (2007/07) Pp. 91-125

https://doi.org/10.7063/PQ.200707.0091

摘要

在過去分析日本的防衛政策大多是從《美日安保條約》及區域環境轉變的角度來分析，而忽視日本國內層次的因素，尤其是文化規範對日本防衛政策的影響。日本是一個注重集體主義的社會，同時在文化傳統的規範下，日本的社會約束力一向是大於法律的約束力，講究人際關係的非正式制度的影響力也是大於政府所制訂的正式制度；因此，本文嘗試從文化規範的角度來分析日本戰後防衛政策的轉變。本文主要論點認為：近年來日本防衛政策的轉變，主要是受到國內新保守主義浪潮的影響，這股浪潮以美國反恐政策為經，以中國及北韓威脅為緯，逐步讓日本從過去消極的防衛性政策轉變成為積極的防衛政策，這也是2000年之後日本亟欲修訂現行的非戰憲法，突破傳統禁忌派自衛隊赴海外執行維和任務，讓日本成為一個真正的正常國家的最主要原因。

關鍵字

新保守主義 ； 文化規範 ； 防衛政策 ； 反恐政策 ； 日本

並列摘要

Most analyses on Japan's defense policy used to focus on the U.S.-Japan Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security and changing regional situations, which overlooked Japan's domestic factors, particularly the impact from cultural norms on its defense policy. Japan is a society of collectivism, i.e., traditional culture and social norms have greater restraints than legal regulations, with the influences from interpersonal relations outside institutions outweighing those from the government-established official or nonofficial systems. This article tries to analyze the changes in Japan's defense policy in the post-WWII years from the perspective of cultural norms. The author argues that recent changes in Japan's defense policy are attributed to the surging influence of neo-conservatism in its domestic domain. Japan's recent neo-conservatism is demarked by two occurrences-the 911 terrorist attacks in the United States and the threats from China and North Korea. These two have shifted Japan's defense policy from passive to active. This attitude change has become the main force behind Japan's normal country, and its breakthrough of traditional taboos by sending the Japan Self-Defense Forces to international peacekeeping missions.

並列關鍵字

Neo-Conservatism ； Culture Norms ； Defense Policy ； Anti-Terror Policy ； Japan

參考文獻

張廣宇(2005)。冷戰後日本的新保守主義與政治右傾化。北京:北京大學出版社。

廖書賢(2002)。論日本反恐機制與台日安全合作。國防政策評論。3(1)，25-35。

Cossa, Ralph A.()。

Emmers, Ralf()。

Green, Michael(1999)。The U.S.-Japan Alliance: Past, Present, and Future。New York:Council on Foreign Relations Press。