The current economic achievements of Taiwan's transnational capital in Vietnam reflect the U.S. aid structure of the Cold War in the 1960s and 1970s and the special local conditions in South Vietnam. In this article, the path dependence of transnational capital refers to the governance thinking of Taiwan's policy toward overseas Chinese affairs and the economic status of the Chinese in South Vietnam. The economic role of the Chinese comports three aspects. First, the southern part of Vietnam has different political and economic conditions than North Vietnam, and has an open cosmopolitan character. Second, the Chinese in Saigon during the South Vietnam period dominated most of the industrial and commercial economy. Third is the active role played by the Ethnic Chinese Office of Vietnam after the renovation, which successfully connected with overseas Chinese capital.