宜蘭縣境內礦區粉塵排放特性之探討

The Characteristics of Fugitive Dust in Limestone Extraction Area in Ilan

吳友平(Yo-Ping Wu) ； 張章堂(Chang-Tang Chang) ； 藍文農(Wen-Long Lan) ； 陳永明(Yo-Ming Chen) ； 林晉宏(Jin-Hong Lin) ； 林俊毅(Jen-I Lin) ； 白信裕(Sin-Yu By) ； 陳宏碩(Hong-Sou Chen)

《宜蘭技術學報》 2期 (1999/06) Pp. 65-74

https://doi.org/10.6179/nit.1999.02.18

摘要

本研究是對於宜蘭縣南澳鄉太白山北方武荖坑上游的信大水泥、與台灣水泥公司其主要開採之礦區—太白山礦區進行空氣污染物粒狀物的採樣分析，因裸露礦區主要之污染物為粒狀物，對各測站做總懸浮微粒（TSP）、懸浮微粒（PM10）和微粒粒徑小於2.5μm（PM2.5）之分析。本研究分別以對季節變化與氣候條件（含日／夜間、濕度、風速）做分析比較，以建立逸散粒狀物排放特性。由本研究所測試的結果與分析比較得知：四季變化對於濃度的影響，其中以夏季之濃度最高，採礦處鄰近地點（距採礦處50公尺），TSP濃度可達711μg/m^3，且以秋季之濃度最低僅約133μg/m^3，另各季節皆呈現越接近採礦區，濃度越高，但四季中以夏季變化較明顯，而秋冬季節因適逢雨季，致使數值變化不明顯。風速對於粒狀物的濃度有很深的影響，風對於裸露礦區產生粉塵揚起，造成粒狀物濃度增加，其中以開採中粒狀物濃度最高。各測點測值呈現較乾燥環境中其粉塵濃度較高大氣中的溼度高，懸浮微粒濃度就越低，於82%溼度所測得TSP濃度較70%環境低10～20%。各陰陽離子與粒徑之關係為，Cl^-離子主要位於大顆粒上，而N03^-離子主要位於小微粒上，SO4^(2-)離子主要位於4.4~11.8μm粒徑之間。而Na^+、K^+、Mg^(2+)則主要分佈在大顆粒上，NH4^+則分佈較廣，大小顆粒皆易存在。

關鍵字

逸散性粉塵 ； 裸露礦區 ； 化學組成分析

並列摘要

The fugitive dust emission from limestone extraction processes is one of the most important pollution source in Taiwan, especially in Ilan county. In limestone extraction processes, it is easy to cause high TSP concentration, sometimes exceeding the national emission standard of Taiwan. Therefore, it is important to study the dust concentration and the size distribution in limestone extraction areas. The tests were executed in TaiPei Mountain in Ilan county. In this study, we measure the TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and the composition in particels. Some variations, including seasons, day/night, climate, positions, were analyzed to understand the fugitive emission characteristics. The test results show that the highest hourly TSP and PM10 are 711μg/m^3 at 50 m away from the extraction area. Whereas, the lowest concentration 133 μg/m^3 exists in fall. The most important factor of climate is wind speed which influences the concentration distribution deeply. The emission pattern also depends on the type of limestone transportation. The particle concentration in conventional transportation area is much higher than in vertical transportation area. Additionally, the concentration in operation period is about three times of that in rest period. The chemical composition test results show that most of the Cl^-, SO4^(2-), Na^+, K^+,Mg^(2+) exist in large particles. The particle diameter ranges from 4.4 to 11.8 μm. Whereas, the NO3^- locates in small particles. Furthermore, the NH4^+ is adhesive to both large and small particles.

並列關鍵字

Fugitive dust ； limestone area ； chemical composition