大礁溪實驗林場木棲性細菌之初探

A Primary Survey on the Wood-Inhabiting Bacteria Collected from the Experimental Forest of the National I-Lan Institute of Technolongy

林亞立(Ya-Lin Lin) ； 王俐云(Li-Yun Wang)

《宜蘭技術學報》 9期生物資源專輯 (2002/12) Pp. 169-174

https://doi.org/10.6179/nit.job.2002.09.28

摘要

為了解大礁溪實驗林場杉木設施木棲性細菌之類別與對木材可能的影響，於標本園中杉木設施取樣，分離純化得10支菌株（編號C1～C10），另於標本圈中所設置的小徑木試樣，分離得7支菌株（編號D1～D7）。經纖維素分解力測定，篩選出7支菌株（C1、C2、C3、C4、D2、D6、D7）進行後續試驗。菌株經由革蘭氏染色結果，所篩選出的7支菌株皆為陽性桿菌。對此7支菌株進行木材降解能力試驗，發現細菌對木材確實具有降解能力，但試材重量損失百分比僅在1.20～1.80 %之間，就木生微生物（wood-inhabiting microorganisms）對木材降解能力而言，細菌對木材降解程度並不嚴重。在菌株對木材細胞壁降解型態方面，細菌的酵素系統對木材細胞壁的降解方式，與白腐菌類似，即由細胞腔自S3、S2至S1層逐步向外侵蝕。細菌對不同木材細胞的降解模式並無一定，如對縱向管胞之侵害有自細胞腔向外逐步侵蝕，或由細胞壁開始逐步向內侵蝕，使細胞與細胞間產生剝離的現象，或於細胞壁上形成整齊的侵蝕溝。對於木質線薄壁細胞的降解，則呈現不規則狀。形成不同侵蝕型態的結果，可能與其分泌之酵素不具滲透性有關，因此細胞壁之破壞僅發生於與菌落相鄰之處。

關鍵字

大礁溪實驗林場 ； 木棲性細菌

並列摘要

In order to understand the characteristics and wood degradation properties of wood inhabiting bacteria from the wood of Cunningahamia lanceolata var. lanceolata in the experimental forest, wood samples were collected from wooden structures and small diameter logs, 10 (No.C1-C10) and 7 (No.D1-D7) bacterial strains were isolated and purified from these two types of samples separately. A cellulose degradation ability test was carried on these 17 stains to screen out the 7 stains which possessed obvious cellulose degradation ability for the following tests. From Gram's stain and microscopic observation, all the 7 strains were revealed to be Gram positive rods. Results from the wood-agar test indicated that all the strains can degrade wood cell walls, however, the percentage of weight losses were mild, ranged from 1.20 to 1.80%. From the microscope observation of the bacterial incubated wood specimens, the degadation pattern of these bacterial strains was catagorized as the erosion type. The enzyme secreted from the bacteria did not penetrate, which rendered the cell wall erosion area confined to the region where the bacteria presented. Therefore, the erosion areas discovered were on the cell lumen, the cell comer, wood rays, and pits, which coincided with the motivation passages of the bacteria in wood. The destruction may include the erosion from S3 to S2 and S1 layers, the separation of adjacent cells caused by the decomposition of the cell comer, the erosion of the ray cells, and the desrupture of the pit structure.

並列關鍵字

Experimental Forest ； wood-inhabiting bacteria