髕腱炎之生物力學因子

髕腱炎經常發生在著重跳躍的運動專長，尤其是排球與籃球，發生位置主要在髕骨下緣髕腱近端後束，當膝關節屈曲60°時，髕腱會承受最大的應變。多數髕腱炎患者在髕腱連接髕骨位置為後側連接型式，髕腱炎患者有相對較重的體重、較高的身高、較大的身體質量指數和腰臀比、較差的股四頭肌及腿後肌柔軟度、較小的踝關節背屈角度。跳躍時有僵硬的下肢著地策略以及較小的膝與踝關節角度。對於髕腱炎患者的運動治療，建議利用傾斜板擺位於踝關節蹠屈位置，進行股四頭肌的離心訓練，可以有效改善髕腱炎症狀。經由瞭解髕腱炎的生物力學因子，可以提供專業選手及教練作為參考，減少因為髕腱炎所造成的負面影響，進而提升運動表現。

關鍵字

跳躍者膝；髕腱應變；危險因子

並列摘要

Patellar tendinopathy is a common sports injury, especially in volleyball and basketball players. The location of patellar tendinopathy is often at the posterior band of proximal patellar tendon inserted into the inferior patellar pole. The patellar tendon strain approaches maximum values when the knee flexes at 60 degrees. The tendon insertion location is the posterior insertion for most people with patellar tendinopathy. Compared to the healthy, people with patellar tendinopathy may be heavier in body weight and taller in body height, and have higher body mass index and waist to hip ratio, poorer flexibility of quadriceps and hamstrings, and less ranges of motion in ankle dorsiflexion. Stiff landing strategy and smaller knee and ankle angles in landing are associated with the development of patellar tendinopathy. Eccentric quadriceps training on the decline board could relief the symptoms for patients with patellar tendinopathy. Understanding the biomechanical factors influencing the patellar tendinopathy would provide the useful information for athletes and coaches so as to reduce the negative impacts and also enhance the sports performance.

並列關鍵字

jumper's knee ； patellar tendon strain ； risk factor

參考文獻

Almekinders, L. C.,Vellema, J. H.,Weinhold, P. S.(2002).Strain patterns in the patellar tendon and the implications for patellar tendinopathy.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.10(1),2-5.

Google Scholar

Backman, L. J.,Danielson, P.(2011).Low range of ankle dorsiflexion predisposes for patellar tendinopathy in junior elite basketball players: A 1-year prospective study.American Journal of Sport Medicine.39(12),2626-2633.

Google Scholar

Bisseling, R. W.,Hof, A. L.,Bredeweg, S. W.,Zwerver, J.,Mulder, T.(2007).Relationship between landing strategy and patellar tendinopathy in volleyball.British Journal of Sport Medicine.41(7),e8-e8.

Google Scholar

Bisseling, R. W.,Hof, A. L.,Bredeweg, S. W.,Zwerver, J.,Mulder, T.(2008).Are the take-off and landing phase dynamics of the volleyball spike jump related to patellar tendinopathy.British Journal of Sport Medicine.42(6),483-489.