影響排球運動表現因素之初探：認知功能的扮演角色

排球運動是一情境多變且需要快速攻守轉換的競技快速球類運動，因此排球選手在比賽中是需要保持高度的專注力，以助益有限時間內的動作決策，最終目的於達到成功運動表現。可見，體能因子可能不是決定排球運動成功表現與否的唯一要素。亦即，認知功能可能扮演著重要的角色。有鑒於此，本文研究目的是更進一步瞭解影響排球運動表現的重要因素。本研究方法為系統性文獻回顧，首先探討排球運動的相關體能或技能因素，其後再聚焦於瞭解排球運動員的認知表現，以進一步探索認知功能對排球運動的重要性。根據文獻回顧的結果發現：排球運動確實需要的相當程度的體能、反應、技能與有效的戰術配合之外，在認知領域的研究則發現排球運動員具有較佳的基礎認知功能，包括注意力導引能力與注意力彈性。此外，他們亦能快速且有效率地執行排球領域相關情境的決策歷程，其內在機制可能是排球運動員能有效地整合視覺與動覺的訊息。本文建議未來可將認知訓練運用於排球的運動訓練中，並且也建議認知功能的評量也可以納入未來排球運動的選才項目中。

關鍵字

運動員；競技運動；認知表現

並列摘要

Volleyball is a sport that requires rapid offensive-defensive changes. Thus for successful performance, greater concentration and optimal decision-making skills under time constraints are important for players. As a result, cognitive functioning might play an important complementary role to physical training as one determinant of successful performance in volleyball games. The purpose of this present review article is twofold: first, it will discuss important factors that potentially affect volleyball performance, including physical fitness, reactions, skills and tactics. Second, it will discuss cognitive performance in volleyball players and the role of cognition in volleyball. The findings primarily indicate that volleyball players outperform non-athletes on a variety of fundamental cognitive functions such as attention orienting and attention flexibility. In addition, the players were able to quickly and efficiently carry out sport-specific decision-making. The underlying mechanism may be that the players effectively integrate visual and motor information. We suggest that cognitive training might be useful for enhancement of volleyball performance. Moreover, the evaluation of cognitive functions might be considered as a factor during talent identification for volleyball.