體育課融入認知與執行功能的概念：提升過重／肥胖兒童學習效果

Integrating the Concept of Cognitive and Executive Function into Physical Education Class: Improving Learning Effects for Overweight/Obese Children

何宜芳(Yi-Fang Ho) ； 邱逸翔(Yi-Hsiang Chiu) ； 林子文(Tzu-Wen Lin)

《大專體育》 151期 (2019/12) Pp. 24-32

https://doi.org/10.6162/SRR.201912_(151).0003

摘要

肥胖是21世紀全球公共衛生議題的焦點，臺灣是肥胖的高風險國家，肥胖對於兒童身體的健康與認知執行功能有諸多負面的影響，體育課可以讓過重／肥胖兒童有規律的運動時間，因此，本文旨在體育課融入認知與執行功能的概念對於過重／肥胖孩童學習效果之影響。在回顧相關文獻，分析結果發現過重／肥胖兒童與體適能較差兒童在閱讀、數學、語言表現皆低於標準值，過重／肥胖會影響學童學習效果與認知表現，兒童時期是關鍵的發展期，應給予適當的刺激將有助於認知功能的發展。肥胖對於認知與執行功能都存在著負面效益，而過重／肥胖兒童具有高體適能者對執行功能則有較佳的表現，另外，體育課融入認知與執行功能元素的課程，將有助於過重／肥胖孩童的學習效果。本文建議增加過重／肥胖孩童運動量或提高身體適能，能提升過重／肥胖兒童在學校的學習效果及課業表現。教師可在體育課安排較具認知挑戰性的課程，例如網球、籃球、足球、競技疊杯等活動，皆可以提升學童認知與執行功能和提升學習效果。

關鍵字

公共衛生 ； 運動量 ； 身體適能

並列摘要

Obesity is a global public health issue in the 21st century, in part because it has many negative effects on children's physical health and cognitive executive functions during a key period of their development. Taiwan is a high-risk country for obesity. The purpose of this article is to motivate change regarding the concept of integrating cognitive and executive functions in physical education classes to improve the learning effects of overweight/obese children. In reviewing relevant literature, the analysis found that children who are overweight/obese and display poor physical fitness also obtain below-average scores in reading, math, and language performance. However, overweight/ obese children with high fitness have better performance on executive functions. Physical education lessons which integrate regular exercise with appropriate stimulation of cognitive and executive function elements will improve the learning effects of overweight/obese children. This article recommends increasing the amount of exercise or physical fitness of overweight/obese children to improve their learning and school performance. Teachers can arrange more cognitively challenging lessons in physical education, such as tennis, basketball, football, competitive cups and other activities, which can improve children's cognitive and executive functions and enhance learning results.

並列關鍵字

public health ； amount of exercise ； physical fitness

參考文獻

Lee, S.-F., & Chii, J. (2016). Efficacy of aerobic exercise program on anthropometric measurements and glucose metabolism in obese adolescents with impaired glucose tolerance: A randomized controlled trial. Physical Education Journal, 49(3), 263-272. doi:10.3966/102472972016094903002

李淑芳、錢桂玉、王秀華（2014）。友善運動環境營造對身體活動與肥胖防治之探討。中華體育季刊，28 卷 4 期，287-294 頁。doi:10.6223/qcpe.280 4.201412.1004[Li, G. S.-F., Chien, K.-Y., & Wang, H.-H. (2014). Constructing friendly built environment for physical activity promotion and obesity prevention. Quarterly of Chinese Physical Education, 28(4), 287-294. doi:10.6223/qcpe.2804.201412.1004]

Coombs, N. A., & Stamatakis, E. (2015). Associations between objectively assessed and questionnaire-based sedentary behavior with BMI-defined obesity among general population children and adolescents living in England. BMJ Open, 5(6), e007172. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007172

Crova, C., Struzzolino, I., Marchetti, R., Masci, I., Vannozzi, G., Forte, R., & Pesce, C. (2014). Cognitively challenging physical activity benefits executive function in overweight children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(3), 201-211. doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.828849

Cserjési, R., Molnár, D., Luminet, O., & Lénárd, L. (2007). Is there any relationship between obesity and mental flexibility in children? Appetite, 49(3), 675-678. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2007.04.001