競爭人格與運動道德之關係

競爭與道德相關的議題在運動場域一直是社會大眾所關切之議題，過去研究顯示競爭產生正向與負向結果，且長時間參與運動競技的選手更容易聚焦於獲勝，較易形成高度競爭人格，進而產生不良道德行為，顯示選手競爭人格與道德發展很可能有緊密關係。有鑑於此，本文以K. Horney於1937年所提出的精神官能症為基礎，透過文獻回顧，目的在瞭解競爭人格與道德發展的關係，並作為運動道德發展與實務運用之參考依據。分析結果發現競爭人格主要可分為：超競爭人格、競爭逃避人格與個人發展性競爭人格，選手行為則是區分良好運動道德指標。擁有良好運動道德是表現出正向行為，而較低運動道德則是傾向表現出負向行為，這在運動場域分別代表利社會行為與反社會行為。然而，超競爭人格已被證實對道德發展和行為產生負面影響、競爭逃避人格對道德發展則尚未釐清，而個人發展性競爭人格則有正向之影響。最後，本文結語提出藉由瞭解選手競爭人格的概況，作為訓練、培養運動人才和發展道德教育等實務建議，提供後續研究探討。

關鍵字

超競爭人格；競爭逃避人格；個人發展性競爭人格；利社會行為；反社會行為

並列摘要

Competition and moral issues are widely studied in sports research. Past studies have shown that the study of competition has caused controversy in the sports field. In addition, players who participate in sports competitions over a long period of time are more likely to focus on winning and to develop a highly competitive personality, which can lead to morally undesirable behaviors. This may be closely related to competitive personality and moral development of players. For this reason, this paper is based on the concept of neurotic personality proposed by K. Horney in 1937. Through literature review, the purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between a competitive personality and moral development, and to serve as a critical reference with practical applications for the development of sports morality. The results show that a competitive personality orientation can be divided into different aspects including hyper-competitive personality, personal development competitive personality, and competition avoidance personality. Player behavior is an indicator of sports morality. Good sports morality is characterized by positive, prosocial behavior; poor sports morality includes a tendency to exhibit negative, antisocial behavior. The hyper-competitive personality has a negative influence on moral development, while the personal development competitive trait has a positive effect on moral development. Behaviors learned from significant others during competition exert an influence on moral development and personality. In conclusion, this paper provides suggestions for further research and improved practice regarding the training and cultivation of athletic talents and developing moral education.

並列關鍵字

hyper-competitive personality ； competition avoidance personality ； personal development competitive personality ； prosocial behavior ； antisocial behavior

參考文獻

王志全、高三福（2019）。超競爭人格與反社會行為之關係：道德解離的調節效果。體育學報，52(3)，355-367。https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.2019 09_52(3).0007[Wang, C.-C., & Kao, S.-F. (2019). Relationship between hypercompetitive personality and antisocial behavior: The moderation effect of moral disengagement. Physical Education Journal, 52(3), 355-367. https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.201909_52(3).0007

尤意融、江欣惇（2015）。以教練行為分析功利主義下的運動道德迷失。中華體育季刊，29(3)，175-180。https://doi.org/10.3966/102473002015092903001[You, Y.-R., & Chiang, H.-T. (2015). The analysis of coach behaviors for the loss of sports ethics under utilitarianism. Quarterly of Chinese Physical Education, 29(3), 175-180. https://doi.org/10.3966/102473002015092903001]

林正常（2020）。藉由運動教育培養品德。大專體育學刊，22(1)，i-iv。https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.202003_22(1).0000[Lin, J.-C. (2020). Cultivating character through sports education. Sports & Exercise Research, 22(1), i-iv. https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.202003_22(1).0000]

林秀珍、顧曉雲（2007）。課程改革新視野—學校運動經驗與道德教育的結合。教育實踐與研究，20(1)，147-172。https://doi.org/10.6776/JEPR.200703.0147[Lin, H.-J., & Ku, H.-Y. (2007). Curricular innovation: The integration of sport experiences and moral education. Journal of Educational Practice and Research, 20(1), 147-172. https://doi.org/10.6776/JEPR.200703.0147]

張淑卿（2002）。體育運動中道德之發展。中華體育季刊，16(2)，87-93。https://doi.org/10.6223/qcpe.1602.200206.2012[Chang, S.-C. (2002). Moral development in physical education. Quarterly of Chinese Physical Education, 16(2), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.6223/qcpe.1602.200206.2012]

主題瀏覽