駕駛坐姿與氣囊防護效益之研究

Effect of Sitting Posture on the Protection Performance of the Airbag

鄧作樑(Tso-Liang Teng) ； 梁卓中(Cho-Chung Liang) ； 史建中(Chien-Jong Shih) ； 胡博翔(Bo-Xiang Hu)

《車輛工程學刊》 9期 (2012/06) Pp. 25-38

https://doi.org/10.30023/JVE.201206.0002

摘要

氣囊主要可緩衝乘員頭部在事故中的衝擊力，以及避免與車內結構接觸碰撞導致受傷與死亡，然而傳統式氣囊中坐姿是直接影響乘員與氣囊的接觸時間，離方向盤太遠或太近都會使氣囊對乘員防護效果大打折扣；而在智慧型氣囊中系統會透過車內感測器測得乘員坐姿狀態，系統可提出氣囊最佳的展開時間，使氣囊防護效果最好。坐姿的分析對於智慧型氣囊系統設計有密不可分的關係，氣囊系統在決定展開時間與袋型大小需經由微處理器運算，故在發生碰撞瞬間氣囊能否有效保護駕駛安全，微處理器的設計就更加顯得重要。故為能提供智慧型氣囊系統中微處理器設計的參考，本研究首先藉由實車碰撞測試數據資料與實際生活駕駛的量測進行乘員坐姿的探討與比較；接著採用LS-DYNA數值分析軟體，以測試人偶針對6種實測男、女性駕駛坐姿進行台車衝擊測試模擬，探討其頭部與胸部損傷值，並分析人偶坐姿、氣囊接觸時間與損傷值的關係。本研究之坐姿與氣囊接觸時間分析與新型氣囊概念設計可提供車廠及相關業者在研發智慧型氣囊過程之參考。

關鍵字

氣囊 ； 台車衝擊試驗 ； 坐姿 ； LS-DYNA

並列摘要

The function of passenger airbags is to cushion the impact force and to avoid occupant to contact with car inner structures in the collisions. However, a sitting posture will directly affect the time of occupant to contact with airbag. The effect of airbag in occupant protection will be reduced when the occupant sits really far or close to the steering wheel. For a smart airbag, the sensor system can measure the occupant sitting posture, and then decide the best time of airbag deployment for increasing the protection effectiveness. Analysis of sitting posture for an intelligent airbag system is necessary. The time and size of airbag deployment needs to be calculated by the microprocessor. To effectively protect the driver in a collision accident, microprocessor design plays an important role in an intelligent airbag system. For guiding the microprocessor design of airbag system, the full-car crash test data and real word driver data are investigated to analyze and compare the driver's sitting posture in this study. The sled test simulations which considered the male and female dummy with six kinds of sitting posture are performed using the LS-DYNA numerical code. The head and chest injuries of dummy are calculated, and the effects of sitting posture and airbag contact time on the injuries are also analyzed. The analysis results of sitting posture and airbag contact time and concept design of new airbag has considerable potential for guiding the future development of intelligent airbag system.

並列關鍵字

Frontal impact ； Smart airbag ； Sled Test ； Sitting posture ； LS-DYNA