老子《道德經》研究－試以體、相、用為線索

許淑華

《輔大中研所學刊》 10期 (2000/10) Pp. 29-47

https://doi.org/10.29444/JGICLDFJCU.200010.0002

摘要

老子之《道德經》雖只有五千二百多字，自古至今除《論語》之外，其相關著述，不下千餘種，可算是中國典籍之冠了。然而，自民國以來，對《道德經》的詮解，分別自形上學、倫理學、知識論切入，或趨向自然主義，或取自神秘主義，或偏唯心，或尚唯物，或主張相對論，或主辯證法，或主生命哲學，不一而足。至於民間乃至西方某些學者，甚至將《道德經》發揮向唯心論、環保、企業經管、投資，乃至婦女解放運動等。這些頭緒紛繁，萬殊競發的詮釋，使得後學之人，對《道德經》思想及立言之本義，頗難掌握。本文擬藉直觀法及分析歸納法，試以釐清《道德經》八十一章中各篇之本體及行為相狀，乃至篇章之力用。期望對《道德經》之指涉、理解，能更深入，並對其思想系統有進一步的體會。唯在得出《道德經》以「無我」為體，以「不執」為相，以「無為而為」為用的過程中，於分析線索上，或有「體、相、用」界定模糊處，乃至分析歸類欠妥之言，是為本文寫作上一大限囿。

關鍵字

老子 ； 道德經 ； 道 ； 玄 ； 自然

並列摘要

There were only more than 5,200 characters in the Classics of Morality by Lao-tzu, whose annotations relatedly were over several thousands , except of the Analects of Confucius, being top of the Chinese Classics. Since of the building of the ROC, the annotations of the Classics of Morality were made from metaphysics, ethics, or knowledge, often divergently toward naturalism ,mystery, idealism, materialism, relativity, dialectics, or life philosophy. For the popular and the scholars in the West, the annotations of the Classics of Morality were made toward idealism, environment protection, enterprise management, investment, or the liberty of women etc., of which complex numerous nature has led people off the main points of its ideas without seizing them. By way of ocularity and analyzing and inducing, the essay tries to clarify the essence, applications, appreance of each sheet in the Classics of Morality, with the hope of deeply realizing the right meanings of the Classics of Morality and furthermore impressive of the systematics of Lao-tzu's ideas. Only by the process of analyzing the essence, applications, appreance of each sheet in the Classics of Morality were the results being multi-crossed or clarified not proprely the restrictions of the essay.

並列關鍵字

Lao-tzu ； the Classics of Morality ； doctrine, dao ； incredible ； nature