《說文》學術之轉型－以隋唐至清代為研究範疇

＂Shuowen＂ Academic Reforming-Take Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty as Research Category

陳佩琪(Pei-Chi Chen)

《輔大中研所學刊》 18期 (2007/10) Pp. 1-21

https://doi.org/10.29444/JGICLDFJCU.200710.0001

摘要

《說文解字》一書在隋唐屬「明字」科考內容，是故時人視之以字書。宋朝是一個強調思辨、懷疑的時代，反對唐人堅守五經、疏不破注的原則，元明兩代大抵承襲如斯學風；強調懷疑的態度落實在《說文》研究，則形成不墨守許說，自立一家之言的「六書學」。清儒崇尚東漢經師訓詁名物，稱譽鄭玄、許慎對經學的重要性，並有擬請許慎從祀孔廟之議論和阮元詁經精舍建立之祀統；如同宋元明學者一樣秉持「由小學通經學」的觀點，但由於學風不同，加以恪守「實事求是」、「無徵不信」的原則，於是研究《說文》的面向轉型，《說文》學昌盛，小學三科亦由經學之附庸脫離而蔚為大國。從這六個朝代三種變化可以看出《說文》學術轉型的概況：隋唐之「字書」，發展成宋元明之「六書學」，至清代則轉變為「經書」，並視之為語言文字之源，通經的基礎，蘊含豐富的古代語言及文化知識；而清儒這個觀點，在晚清民初的語文學界、史學界、考古學界，不僅得到進一步的發展，甚而大放異彩。

關鍵字

說文解字 ； 許慎 ； 學術轉型

並列摘要

＂Shuowen Jiezi＂ a book is in Sui and Tang dynasties ＂Ming Zi＂ the preliminary examination content, when the human regards it by the calligraphy book. The Song Dynasty is an emphasis speculation, the suspicion time, opposed that the Chinese perseveres the Five Classics, the sparse not broken note principle, a Yuan bright two generation generally speaking carries on in this way the school tradition; The emphasis suspected the manner carries out in ＂Shuowen＂ studies, then formed does not adhere stubbornly permits said that supported oneself the single opinion ＂六書學＂. The clear Confucian advocates the Eastern Han Dynasty after the teacher explanations of words in ancient books name, praises Zheng Xuan, Xu Shen to the study importance, and has intends to invite Xu Shen to offer sacrifice to discussion and Ruan Yuan gu the Confucian temple offers sacrifice to the series after the lecture hall establishment; Is similar to the Song Yuan ming scholar grasps ＂passes the study by the 小學＂ the viewpoint equally, but because the school tradition is different, scrupulously follows ＂realistic＂, ＂not draughts does not believe＂ the principle, therefore studies ＂Shuowen＂ faces reforming, ＂Shuowen＂ study is prosperous, the elementary school three branches dependency of by the study are also separated from, but luxuriant is the great nation. May see＂ Shuowen＂ from these six dynasty three kind of changes the academic reforming survey: Sui and Tang dynasties it ＂the calligraphy book＂, develops Song Yuan ming it ＂六書學＂, transforms to the Qing Dynasty into ＂the Confucian classics＂, and regards it source of for the language and writing, passes after the foundation, contained the rich ancient times language and the cultural knowledge; But clear Confucian this viewpoint, in latter Qing dynasty the beginning of people's language educational world, history educational world, archaeology educational world, not only obtains the further development, even yield unusually brilliant results.

並列關鍵字

＂Shuowen .Jiezi＂ ； Xu Shen ； Academic reforming