論《水經注》中的水神

水與人的生命緊緊相連著，而主掌水的水神，在中國文化中也有。與其他國家不同的是，中國地域廣大，水道繁多，因此中國的水神並非單一神祇，而因為地域的不同，有不同的水神產生。《水經注》是我國地理學上的重要典籍，因文筆優美，寫景動人，資料豐富，因此在文學、史學、地理學上都具有一定的影響。《水經注》主要記載與中國的水道及附近地域相關的神話傳說，其中不可缺少的即為水神神話。水神與地域、中國的信仰文化有關。人死後有靈，加上當地氣候異象，使得伍子胥成為錢塘潮神，舜二妃成為湘水女神，受後人敬仰。另一方面，由於黃河、長江水患不斷，先民以玉以人祭河，是上古祭祀禮儀與民間習俗的真實記載。但是習俗過於殘忍，而有李冰等人以實際行動治水，破除迷信，成為英雄，漸漸地成為受人供奉的神，成為神話的一部分。《水經注》的地理學特性，將以上事蹟記於一書，吾人可以藉此看出水神的形成、神話產生的原因、水神的形象，實與地域的關係十分密切，更可一窺治水歷史神話化與民間信仰形成的軌跡。

關鍵字

水經注；水神；李冰；西門豹；水利；信仰

並列摘要

Water is connected closely to human live and you can see there are also gods of water in Chinese culture. However, because of different regions and rivers in China, the gods of water differs. ＂Shui-Jing-Zhu＂ is an important book recording Chinese geography by its beautiful writing, delicate descriptions of the sceneries and opulent information. Written with the myths of Chinese aqueducts and nearby area, the most important part of this book is the stories of water gods. God of water has a great connection between the local region and Chinese belief. Because of spirituality and weather, Wu-Zi-Xu became god of river Qian-Tang, wives of Shun became god of river Xiang. And also because of the floods of Huang He and Changjiang river, more and more jade and people were used as sacrifice to the water gods. However, because of the cruelty, Li-Bing decided to stop the superstitions by complete the water conservancy. He had saved so many and became a hero, a god, and a part of the myth. ＂Shui-Jing-Zhu＂ recorded these history and we can see how and why the gods of water were formed, understand how history became myth, and how a folk turned into regional belief.

並列關鍵字

Shui-Jing-Zhu ； god of water ； Li-Bing ； Xi-Men-Bao ； water conservancy ； belief

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論《水經注》中的水神

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