皇宇圖象的張縮與權力倫理的轉向－對兩漢至建安田獵賦異動之政治性解讀

Variations in the Image of Imperial Spaces and the Morality of Power-A Political Viewpoint to Annotate Variations in Hunting Fu from Western Han to JianAn Periods

葉常泓(Chang-Hoong Yap)

《輔大中研所學刊》 21期 (2009/04) Pp. 153-176

https://doi.org/10.29444/JGICLDFJCU.200904.0008

摘要

田獵賦自西漢發展至建安時，在其結構與意旨上，發生了兩項儼然和外部政治現實變遷相映共鳴的微妙異動，本文提出「皇宇圖象」和「權力倫理」二觀念以概括之。田獵賦中的空間構設，本是一種擬代帝國版圖張縮的隱喻，一種反映皇權升降的鏡像，而從兩漢至建安，空間構設由繁複、立體、充滿幻設色彩及對於「無限」的想象，漸變為貧乏、扁平、降落於狹窄而「有限」的真實現場。本文通過「皇宇圖像的膨脹到萎縮」，分析此空間構設之繁簡變換，及其如何影射版國和帝權之整化為零。再者，慣見於前漢田獵賦篇首或篇末的諷諫說辭，旨在宣諭帝王宜遵之節欲、富民、崇文等儒家經典規範，然於建安後作中非但不可復見，且賦末處已轉向肯認統治者憑藉鐵血力量以向外掠奪、創拓、自強之必要性。本文通過「權力倫理的崇文到尚武」，分析此諷諫段落的存在、失落或異質化，及其如何影射在治亂世不同的主權架構和物資條件下，權力倫理內容相應地由收斂型轉向擴張型。「皇宇圖象」及「權力倫理」之比較，目的不在於據其結果以評裁兩期賦作的價值高低、提供理由以坐實一元化的褒貶抉擇，而在於開顯某種政治性的解賦視角，並期上述二概念堪為揆握兩漢至建安田獵賦篇幅與韻味變化之樞機，以及鏈結國家政治生態與賦家政治心態之介材。

關鍵字

兩漢 ； 建安 ； 田獵賦 ； 空間 ； 諷諫

並列摘要

From the dynasty of western Han to JianAn period, the construction and intention of Fu pieces that took ”hunting” as their main theme, had occurred two tender variations which likely responded to the changes of externally political reality. This article brings up two conceptions namely ”the image of imperial spaces” and ”the morality of power” to summarize these variations. The spacial construction of hunting Fu always fuctioned as a metaphor to the expansion or contraction of imperial dominion, as well as an image reflecting the rising or setting of imperial power. From the dynasty of western Han to JianAn period, the original spacial construction which was complicated, three-dimensional, magical, and full of the imaginations about ”infinity”, had gradually shifted to a simple, flat, narrow and limited scene. Through the concept of ”the expansion to contraction of the image of imperial spaces”, this article analyzes the variation of spacial construction from complicated to simple, and how it insinuated the variation of imperial dominion and power from completed to disunited. Besides, the remonstrances that offen seen at the beginning or ending of hunting Fu in Han dynasties, which were aimed to promote several Confucianism classical principles such as the emperor should control his desires, make his people become more sufficient, as well as esteem the culture and education, had never appeared in the hunting pieces in JianAn period, morever, the ending of these Fu had turned to identify that the leaders were necessarily have to seize, develope the territories and strengthen the country by force. Through the concept of ”the morality of power from encourage gentle to spirit military”, this article analyzes the appearance, disapearance or qualitative change of the remonstrance, and how it insinuated the spreading morality of power had correspondingly turned to be shrinking, on a premise that soverign rights and material situations were altered following with the peaceful times or troubled times. The compare based on ”the image of imperial spaces” and ”the morality of power”, are not point in judging the value of Fu pieces in two periods, or applying reasons so as to commend one and depreciate the another, but trying to manifest a political viewpoint to annotate Fu, and .we hope that the above two concepts might help to grasp the key factors of variations between Fu of Han dynaties and JianAn.

並列關鍵字

Han dynasties ； JianAn ； hunting Fu ； space ； remonstrance