從兩漢屈原出處辯證論漢代士子困境與君臣關係認知

Comment on the Dilemma and Cognizance for Emperor-Subject Relationship of the Literati in Han Dynasty from the Discussion on Qu Yuan's Political Choices

吳燕真(Yan-Zhen Wu)

《輔大中研所學刊》 24期 (2010/10) Pp. 175-195

https://doi.org/10.29444/JGICLDFJCU.201010.0010

摘要

前輩學者討論《楚辭》的之所以興起於漢代，已有許多高見，然而會忽略兩個細節。其一，論述沒有涵蓋整個漢代的發展。其二，論述往往單純為二分法，代表「威權」的帝王，與代表「道義」的知識份子，而其中相互影響的力量，則較少討論。本文基於前輩學者的研究基礎，將兩漢帝王提倡《楚辭》，分為三個階段：一、因鄉土故里之情而愛好楚聲；二、以表述屈騷考核臣子或以誦讀《楚辭》拔躍人才；三、支持進行《楚辭》文獻整理與章句訓詁的工作。藉由此階段的變化，來討論知識份子將是如何以屈原為討論核心，進行一番出處進退的辯證。從中觀察漢代知識份子如何回應帝王標榜《楚辭》的用心，又在他們試圖重新詮釋屈原生平時，是如何透露出自身在政治上的困境，或者是對當時漢代君臣關係的認知。

關鍵字

漢代 ； 屈原 ； 帝王 ； 知識份子 ； 楚辭

並列摘要

There were many discussions on why ”Chu-Ci” becomes popular in Han Dynasty. However, those studies neglected two details. First, those discussions don't contain the development of Han Dynasty. Second, those discussions are often simplified into dichotomies; only consider emperor and literatus that represent authority and principle separately, but rarely discuss on the interrelationship. This article refers to the studies of senior scholars divides the reason that emperors promote ”Chu-Ci” into three phases. First, emperor loves song of Chu because of the emotion for hometown. Second, emperor assesses subjects with the presentation of ”Li Sao” or selects talent' by praise of ”Chu-Ci”. Third, emperor supports literatus to perform the arrangement of literature and the explanations of sections in ”Chu-Ci” This article probes into how literati have a round of argument about their political choices by discussing the political choices of Qu Yuan in these three different phases. In the process of probe, this article wants to analyze how literati respond to the intention of emperors promote ”Chu-Ci”, and disclose their political dilemma and cognizance for the relationship between emperor and subject in Han Dynasty when they try to interpret the life of Qu Yuan again.

並列關鍵字

Han Dynasty ； Qu Yuan ； Emperor ； Literatus ； "Chu-Ci"