論葉矯然對明代詩學理念之反思

A critique of Jiao-ran Ye's Reflection on the Poetics of Ming Dynasty

秦培卿(Peking Chin)

《輔大中研所學刊》 35&36期 (2017/04) Pp. 313-338

摘要

葉矯然（A.D.1614－1711）近百年的生命歷程中，著作豐富，涉及理學、史學、古文學、今文學等方面。他生活的時代，正值明清之際，生活區域相同、詩學理念相近的詩人大多結社，如葉氏一般獨立的文人在當時少有話語權，然而其獨立性，反而更能形成他冷靜、獨特的觀點，是故他沒有總結甚至超越前人的野心，卻常可見他詩話中對明代詩學理念鞭辟入裡之反思，即「以局外身作局内說」。可惜目前葉矯然詩學理論的研究領域極少學者涉足，本文嘗試以《龍性堂詩話》為主要研究對象，爬梳其詩歌理論，對照彼時之時代背景及詩學爭端，試圖更進一步地闡述他詩歌理論的內涵。全文分四個章節，第一章「以局外身作局內說」論其詩話之體例、寫作之背景和其著述的態度，第二章「轉益多師是汝師」論其廣泛學習而不拘泥之主張，第三章「作詩高手在鍊意」論其首重錬意的觀點，第四章「語甚鍊而若出自然」談其詩話中所言具體的作詩之法，詳論如何注重字格錘煉又調和自然。

關鍵字

葉矯然 ； 《龍性堂詩話》 ； 明代詩學 ； 錬意 ； 詩派

並列摘要

In Jiao-ran Ye 's nearly a hundred years of life experience, his work is very rich, involving Neo-Confucianism, history, New Text Confucianism, Old Text Confucianism and so on. In the era of his lifetime, late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, most of the poets who live in the same area and have similar poetic philosophy will form a literary circle, thus be associated. An independent literati like Ye had little right to speak at that time. Nevertheless, his independence enables the formation of his calm, unique point of view. So we can always find his very insightful reflection on the concept of the Ming Dynasty poetics even he did not have such ambition to sum up or to surpass beyond his predecessors' perspective, that is, ＂To speak of the Inner, while remaining Outer independence＂. Unfortunately, rather few scholars set foot in the field of research on Jiao-ran Ye's poetics theory. This paper attempts to focus on Long Xing Tang Poem Criticism as the main object of study to further elaborate the content of his poetic theory by contextualizing his poetic theory within the context of its historic period and dispute on poetics. The whole paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the style of his poem criticism, the writing background and the attitude of his writings. The second chapter discusses his ideas about being open to a wide range of learning and not to learn by rote. Chapter three discusses his point of view, that to write a good poem, the prime importance is to cultivate the ＂spirit/intention＂意. Chapter four discusses the practical method of writing described in his poem criticism, which describes in detail how to focus on the temper of words and rhythm, and then reconcile it to make it natural.

並列關鍵字

Jiao-ran Ye ； Long Xing Tang Poem Criticism ； Ming Dynasty poetics ； cultivate the ＂spirit/intention＂意 ； poetry genre