為學的初與熟：以「志」作為陽明工夫修養的考察中心

The Beginning and Maturity of Learning: Wang Yang Ming's Cultivation Theory-Focusing on Aspiration

蔡明諺(TSAI, MING-YEN)

《輔大中研所學刊》 42期 (2021/11) Pp. 273-291

摘要

立志是為學之始。陽明學說從「良知」本體的開顯到「致良知」工夫的落成，在在可見「志」出現於陽明對弟子的教導與言說中，成為為學工夫修養初始的關鍵。「立志」及其真切未切等語，散見於陽明教導弟子的言論。陽明思想中為學的初與成，難以不涉及與「志」有關的修養工夫。是以本文就陽明提及「志」的文獻，討論「志」與「意」、「誠意」、「致良知」等陽明工夫修養間的關聯，試圖勾勒立志與為學的關係，並透過討論陽明的「必為聖人之志」揭示其為為學工夫一條可循的線索。

關鍵字

儒家 ； 陽明 ； 立志 ； 工夫論

並列摘要

Establishing one's aspiration is the beginning of learning. From the beginning of Yangming Learning on noumenon of innate knowledge (良知本體) to the completion of cultivation of Extension of Innate Knowledge＂(致良知), we can see that ＂Aspiration＂ appears in Yang Ming's teachings to his disciples and becomes the key to the initial cultivation of learning. With the establishment of aspirations and the lack of true meaning, it can be seen in the words that Yang Ming taught his disciples. In Yang Ming's thought, the beginnings and achievements of learning inevitably involve cultivation related to ＂Aspiration＂. This paper attempts to outline the relationship between aspiration and learning based on the literature of Yangming Learning and aspiration, discussing the relationship between aspiration and Yangming's cultivation such as intention (意), making the intent sincere (誠意), and extension of Innate Knowledge, and revealing a trace of Yangming's learning through the discussion of Yangming's ＂aspiration to be a sage＂.

並列關鍵字

Confucianism ； Yang Ming ； To establish one's aspiration ； The theory of self-cultivation