日本地方政府的非營利組織政策：以三重縣與神奈川縣為例

Nonprofit Organization Policy by Local Government in Japan: A Case Study on Mie Prefecture and Kanagawa Prefecture

林淑馨(Shu-Hsin Lin)

《公共行政學報》 21期 (2006/12) Pp. 39-72

https://doi.org/10.30409/JPA.200612_(21).0002

摘要

近年來，由於民眾的需求日漸多元，單靠政府部門來提供公共服務，已經很難滿足民眾所需，因此，如何善用非營利組織的公共特質用以協助或彌補政府部門的不足與缺陷，則是目前亟需探討的課題。但另一方面，面對日益增加的非營利組織，在資源有限的情況下，政府部門或許可藉由相關法規、措施或制度等行政支援體系的建立，來達到促進非營利組織功能發揮之目的。
本文主旨在於以日本地方政府的非營利組織政策為研究對象，藉由文獻分析法與個案觀察法來分析該國三重縣與神奈川縣的非營利組織政策之內容與具體措施，以及所產生之意涵，並探討其對我國今後地方政府在制定相關政策或制度時所能帶來的參考與借鏡。研究結果發現，三重縣與神奈川縣的非營利組織政策代表著地方政府與非營利組織的新治理、夥伴關係的制度化與透明化，以及建立目標導向的水平式協力關係等三項重要意涵。而日本經驗所帶給我國的啓示，則是藉由非營利組織的區域特性，可以協助地方政府擴大公民自治的範圍，滿足地方居民的需求，達成區域再生的新公共圈構築之目的。

關鍵字

非營利組織 ； 非營利組織政策 ； 地方政府 ； 夥伴關係 ； 治理 ； 日本

並列摘要

With people's more diversified demands in more recent years, public services offered by governmental agency can hardly meet people's expectation. Therefore, how to make good use of public characteristics of the nonprofit organizations to help make up for insufficiency and flaws existed in governmental agency turns out to be one critical issue pending for further discussion. On the other hand, however, in face of increasing number of nonprofit organizations accompanied by the circumstances of limited resources, governmental agency may achieve a goal of bringing functions of nonprofit organizations into full play through an establishment of administrative support systems such as relative laws and regulations, measures or systems.
By means of archival research and case observation, this essay aims to take nonprofit organization policy by local government in Japan as the research target centering on the analysis of the contents and concrete measures for nonprofit organization policy practiced by Mie Prefecture and Kanagawa Prefecture and the implications as well as delve into the references and experiences resulted from an enactment of relative policies or systems by Taiwan's local governments. Findings indicate the significant meaning that nonprofit organization policy by Mie Prefecture and Kanagawa Prefecture represent the new ruling between local governments and nonprofit organizations, systematization and transparentization of partnership, and establishment of objective-oriented horizontal partnership. The illumination from Japanese experiences can comes as a result that regional characteristics of nonprofit organization will assist local governments in expanding the scope of civic autonomy to meet local residents' demands and achieve the goal of building new public circle of regional regeneration.

並列關鍵字

nonprofit organization ； nonprofit organization policy ； local government ； partnership ； governance ； Japan

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