獨居老人健康促進生活型態與幸福感之研究－以臺北市大同區為例

A study of health promoting lifestyle and well-being among elderly living alone of Datong District in Taipei City

李翠蓉(Cui-Jung Lee) ； 胡益進(Yih-Jin Hu) ； 張晏蓉(Yen-Jung Chang)

《學校衛生》 73期 (2018/12) Pp. 19-38

https://doi.org/10.30026/CJSH.201812_(73).0002

摘要

本研究目的在探討獨居老人健康促進生活型態與幸福感及其相關因素。以臺北市大同區列冊的獨居老人為研究對象，有效問卷共計125份，研究工具包括社會人口學資料、自覺健康狀況量表、健康促進生活型態量表及幸福感量表。研究結果如下：一、研究對象在健康促進生活型態各分量表平均值得分由高至低之排序為營養、人際支持、自我實現、壓力處理、健康責任、運動，以營養為最優，而運動為最差。二、研究對象在自覺經濟情形足夠者，幸福感得分較高；主要經濟來源如為靠社會補助者，幸福感得分較低。三、研究對象自覺經濟狀況較好的人，有較佳的幸福感。四、研究對象在自覺健康狀況、健康促進生活型態及幸福感構面上呈顯著的正相關。五、研究對象在健康促進生活型態六分量表，自我實現、健康責任、人際支持、運動、壓力處理、營養與幸福感皆呈顯著的正相關，亦表示健康促進生活型態各層次皆會影響幸福感，其中自我實現與幸福感為高度相關。六、研究對象的社會人口學、自覺健康狀況及健康促進生活型態對幸福感之預測效果，可以解釋幸福感總變異量的76.8%，顯著的預測變項為「自覺經濟狀況－不夠」、「自覺健康狀況」及健康生活型態中「自我實現」、「人際支持」等四項。根據研究結果，建議社政、衛政及老人福利團體等工作人員在推動政策上，建立高齡長者師資庫，活用他們長年的知識、經驗與技術來貢獻社會，除了可以提供經濟來源，同時增加社會參與豐富生活內涵，提昇自我價值感，完成自我實現，以增加幸福感。

關鍵字

獨居老人 ； 健康促進生活型態 ； 幸福感

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the health-promoting lifestyle and well-being of elderly people living alone and the related factors. A total of 125 valid questionnaires were collected from the elderly living alone in Datong District of Taipei City. Research tools included sociodemographic data, self-conscious health status scale, health promotion lifestyle scale and well-being scale. The research results were as follows. 1. The averaged scores of the subscales in the health promotion lifestyle were ranked as nutrition, interpersonal support, self-realization, stress management, health responsibility, and exercise, with nutrition the best and exercise the worst. 2. When participants satisfied with their economic situation, their well-being scores were higher, while well-being scores were lower when participants relied on social subsidy for living. 3. Participants who satisfied with their economic conditions had better well-being. 4. Participants showed a significant positive correlation in the conscious health status, health promotion lifestyle and well-being. 5. Participants showed a significant positive correlation between self-realization, health responsibility, interpersonal support, exercise, stress management, nutrition and well-being in the health-promoting lifestyle scale. It means that all levels of health promotion lifestyle affect happiness, and self-realization is highly correlated with well-being. 6. The sociodemographics, health status and health-promoting lifestyle predicted happiness. It explained 76.8% of the total variation of happiness. ＂Not satisfy with economic situation＂, ＂self-realization＂, ＂interpersonal support＂ and ＂healthy lifestyle＂ were four predictive variables for well-being. This study suggests that the staff of the social, health and welfare groups need to promote policy, establish database for senior citizens, and use their knowledge and experience for our society. It is also important to provid them economic resources, increase their social participation, connotation of life, enhance self-worth, complete self-realization, and increase their well-being.

並列關鍵字

elderly living alone ； health promoting ； lifestyle ； well-being

參考文獻

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