高中生同儕生涯團體輔導效果之研究

The Effects of Peer Career Group Counseling in High School

莊涵茹(Han-Ju Chuang) ； 羅文基(Wen-Chi Lo)

《諮商輔導文粹：高師輔導所刊》 8期 (2003/06) Pp. 91-130

https://doi.org/10.6308/CG.08.04

摘要

本研究旨在探討如何運用同儕輔導模式來進行高中學生的生涯團體輔導。研究者先設計一套適合高中生的基本訓練課程，並評估其用來訓練「同儕生涯輔導員」的有效性；接著由受訓後的同儕輔導員來帶領「生涯探索團體」，並驗證其輔導效果。研究設計以等組前後測實驗設計法為主，輔以質性的問卷和訪談來了解學生的主觀感受。研究對象取自高雄市立三民高級中學的學生，其中「同儕生涯輔導員」選自高三已甄選上大學的學生，受輔對象取為自願參加「生涯探索團體」的高一學生。實驗分為兩個階段進行，第一階段之實驗組9名接受20小時的同儕生涯輔導員訓練，以「同理心量表」和「輔導知能測驗」為評量工具，以測量其同理心與輔導知能之變化情形；第二階段實驗探討由同儕輔導員帶領的「生涯探索團體」之輔導效果，以參加團體的10位成員為實驗組，接受兩天共14小時的生涯團體輔導，並以「生涯困擾量表」和「生涯決策自我效能預期量表」作為評量工具。茲將研究結果摘述如下：
壹、同儕輔導員訓練之效果
一、「同儕生涯輔導員訓練」對受訓者的同理心與輔導知能均有增進之效果。即實驗組在「同理心量表」和「輔導知能測驗」上的得分顯著高於控制組。
二、由實驗組受訓者之回饋內容得知，接受訓練的高三學生相當肯定受訓課程和團體所帶來的收穫，在專業方面學到助人技巧、生涯輔導技巧和團體帶領技巧；在個人方面能提昇自我成長、更了解自己與規劃自己未來的生涯。
三、由受輔者之滿意度調查得知，接受同儕生涯團體輔導的學生，對同儕輔導員的表現均感到滿意。
貳、同儕生涯團體輔導之效果
一、高一學生參加由同儕輔導員帶領的「生涯探索團體」後，其在生涯困擾程度上有減輕之效果，且能增進其生涯決策自我效能。
二、由實驗組成員之主觀感受得知，其對團體的感受是正向、肯定的。成員喜歡同儕輔導員的帶領方式，認為同儕輔導員容易親近、能了解他們的想法和語言。
三、由成員的訪談內容得知同儕輔導員對其生涯規劃的影響，例如提供實用的外界資訊、生涯選擇的經驗，以及提供成功的生涯範例和成為學習效法的對象。
根據上述研究結果，發現統計上的結果皆呈現出顯著差異，研究者進一步討論造成實驗效果顯著的原因。特別注意的是本研究的實驗設計有其推論上的限制，研究對象、研究者因素、評量工具和實驗的霍桑效應等因素，皆可能影響實驗處理效果。最後研究者對輔導實務工作者和未來研究者分別提出若干建議。

關鍵字

高中生 ； 同儕輔導 ； 生涯團體輔導

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is to investigate how to apply the peer group counseling model to the career guidance of the senior high school students. Fist of all, the researcher designs a set of basic training program suitable for high school students and criticize the efficiency of the peer career counselor training. Furthermore, the trained peer career counselors lead the career exploration group. Then, the effects of this group are evaluated.
This research is in use of the experimental design as well as the qualitative questionnaire and interview. The objects are the students of Kaohsiung Municipal San-Mm Senior High School. The peer career counselors are elected from the third graders who have passed the application for colleges. The group members are the fist graders who participate in the career exploration group voluntarily.
The experiment is designed as two parts. In the first step, the night students of experimental group receive twenty hours peer career counselor training. Moreover, the empathy inventory and the counseling knowledge test are implemented to assess the variety of the peer counselors’ empathy skill and counseling knowledge. In the second step, the effects of the career exploration group leaded by peer career counselors are probed. The Career Disturbance scale and the Career Decision-Making Self-efficacy Scale are used on the ten experimental group members who take part in the career group counseling. The consequences are as following:
I. The effects of the peer counselor training
1. The training promotes the objects’ empathy skill and counseling knowledge.
2. According to the feedback of the experimental group, the third graders who receive the training approve the benefits of the training program and the group, including helping skill, self-helping, and helping each other.
3. The students are satisfied with the performance of the peer counselor though the investigation.
Ⅱ. The effects of the peer career group counseling.
1. In addition to the reduction of the career disturbance level, the career exploration group can increase the career self-efficacy.
2. The experimental group members have positive feelings to the group. They enjoy the way peer counselors lead the group and assume that the peer counselors are easy to get along with and understand what they think.
3. During the interview, group members reveal the influence of the peer counselors. For instance, they can provide the career decision-making experience, practical information, successful career examples.
According to all the above, the researcher proposes the suggestion for further counseling practical work and research direction.

並列關鍵字

high school students ； peer counseling ； career group counseling

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