苦瓜花粉粒外部形態之研究

Studies on Pollen Morphology of Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia L.)

張正桓(Cheng-Huang Chang) ； 宋妤(Yu Sung)

《植物種苗》 10卷1期 (2008/03) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.30077/SN.200803.0001

摘要

於掃描式電子顯微鏡下觀察40個苦瓜品種之花粉，發現苦瓜花粉粒形狀於赤道面多為縱橢圓形，極面則為三裂圓形，具三發芽溝，溝呈梭形，以Erdtman分類法描述苦瓜花粉特性為N3P4C3，花粉外壁表面紋飾呈網紋，佈滿小孔。量測花粉粒外部形態與外壁紋飾等17項特徵，進行因子分析下之主成分分析，利用這些花粉形態性狀區分苦瓜品種，而外壁紋飾特徵（小孔）為此研究中辨別苦瓜品種的最有利因素。比較40品種主成分得分圖，可將苦瓜區分成（1）果皮顏色為白色，且果面為珍珠突起的品種、（2）果實顏色綠色且有條狀突起的品種、（3）果皮顏色為綠色、果面為珍珠突起的品種、（4）野生山苦瓜品種等。另外苦瓜種子性狀、果型等園藝性狀似乎於主成分分析結果沒有很強的關連性。由以上結果說明花粉型態性狀尚可有效區分出各品種果色與果面突起等性狀，利用主成份分析所得到的主成分得分有助於作為鑑定苦瓜品種及解決分類上同名異物或同物異名的現象。

關鍵字

苦瓜 ； 花粉粒外部型態 ； 主成分分析

並列摘要

Two objectives in this research were to use the pollen characteristics identification the similarity of 40 varieties and to identify pollen activity effect on fruit set of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Pollen grains from 40 varieties of bitter gourd were examined by using a scanning electron microscope. The view of equatorial plane on pollen was prolate, of polar plane was three cracks spheroid and had tricolporate. On the exine surface of pollen, the sculpturing was regulate and entirely covered the lumiba. Seventeen examined items from the pollen surface and the sculpture of pollen exine were subjected to factor analysis with principal component solution. The contribution of the first three principal components came to 81.88% of the total variation. The pollen surface and sculpture characters were used to discriminate among bitter gourd varieties. The first principal component was created mainly by exine characters, including sculpturing and the lumiba, and was the most useful factor for discriminating bitter gourd varieties. Results of 40 bitter gourd varieties on the first and the second principal component could discriminate the bitter gourd varieties: (1) the epicarp white with pearl-like tubercles on the surface; (2) the epicarp was green with linear tubercles on the surface; (3) the epicarp was green with pearl-like tubercles on the surface; (4) wildly bitter gourd varieties and so on. By the above results explained the pollen character still permissible to discriminate the epicarp color and tubercles on surface of bitter gourd varieties.

並列關鍵字

bitter gourd ； pollen surface ； principal componment