台北市某國中一年級學生視力不良狀況及其相關因素初探

Factors Influencing Vision Defects: A Preliminary Study of Seventh Graders in a Junior High School in Taipei

楊瑞珍(Rea-Jane Yang) ； 熊鯤苓(Kuen-Ling Shyoug)

《醫護科技學刊》 2卷2期 (2000/04) Pp. 123-136

https://doi.org/10.6563/TJHS.2000.2(2).2

摘要

本研究之目的在探討國中學生視力不良的狀況及其相關的因素。針對台北市某國中一年級學生進行橫斷式調查，研究工具為自製之問卷及史奈倫氏視力表二種。根據595名學生的調查發現：有54%的國一學生視力不良，發現時間幾乎都在進入小學之後，年級愈高發生率也愈高。在與學生視力不良有關的因素中顯示：(1)學生環境：視力不良學生其花在課業學習的時數較多、且學業成績也較高；學生普遍對視力保值的知識不足，在維護行為的實踐上也有疏失；(2)家庭環境：學生的視力狀況與父親、母親的教育程度及父母對學業的重視程度有關；但父母對子女日常視力保健行為的提醒卻不夠；(3)學校環境：老師對教室照度的注意或鼓勵就醫等措施執行率偏低。本研究之發現將可在校護規劃視力不良防治模式上提供更清楚的藍圖與方向；俾使校護對於學生視力保健確實發揮貢獻。

關鍵字

視力不良 ； 知識 ； 態度 ； 行為 ； 環境

並列摘要

This study explores vision defects and several factors pertaining to such defects. The results are from a cross-sectional survey of a purposive sample of 595 students attending a junior high school in Taipei. A self-developed questionnaire was employed to collect data. The Snellen E letter chart assessed vision defects. This study revealed a total of 54% of vision defects in test subjects. A majority of these defects occurred during school years. The prevalence of vision defects is directly proportional to the students' grade level. Three major factors relevant to vision defects include:
(1)Student environment: Students with longer study hours and higher achievement levels demonstrated a greater degree of vision defects. Generally, students scoring lower on the knowledge section of the questionnaire (which tested knowledge regarding vision care), also received lower scores on the health behaviors section (which gathered information regarding daily vision habits).
(2)Family environment: A parent's education level and the degree of emphasis placed on children's achievement related to vision defects in students. In these cases, parents were inattentive to children's vision habits.
(3) School environment: Teachers did not appropriately address the risk factors relating to vision defects in students. Results presented herein provide a valuable reference for school nurses attempting to design an effective program to promote and maintain healthy vision in students, thereby identifying the importance of school nurses regarding student's vision care.

並列關鍵字

vision defect ； knowledge ； attitude ； behavior ； environment