魔幻寫實與寫實魔幻：論《航向黃金國》的歷史書寫

生於二十世初，殂於二十一世初，委內瑞拉作家烏斯拉•皮耶德里(Arturo Uslar Pietri, 1906-2001)近百年的精彩人生彷彿一部長篇史詩，吟唱拉美現代文學發展歷程。將「真實歷史」小說化、散文化是烏斯拉•皮耶德里的風格之一，更是烏氏獨特的史觀。誠如其歷史小說《航向黃金國》(El camino de El Dorado), 烏氏藉征服者深入亞馬遜河流域找尋黃金之史實，書寫征服的迷思。征服源自人性的欲壑，是拉美不可抹滅的集體記憶，然而，經由「時間」與「空間」的共生銷融，征服者悄然變形，反成被征服者。本論文試圖解析《航向黃金國》的歷史書寫，並旁及大自然在歷史小說裡所扮演的角色。

關鍵字

烏斯拉•皮耶德里；魔幻寫實；航向黃金國；拉美小說；歷史小說

並列摘要

Arturo Uslar Pietri successfully tried out various narrative modes, one of them is to novelize the real history. His novel El camino hacia El Dorado, came out in 1947, in which he wove metaphorical dimensions into the story of the Spanish conquerors that navigated the Amazon to find El Dorado, however, sailing into the jungle the conquerors were conquered by the ”Time” and ”Space”. As history is the chronological record of significant events, this article will focus on the historical point of view of El camino hacia El Dorado. It also explores the novel's natural space.