「破魔変文」の物語を構築する要素について－語りと唱に見られる表現技巧を中心に－

〈破魔変文〉是以諸多佛經中所展示的降魔故事為題材之講唱文學。佛經皆以教義傳達為目標，變文則透析出佛經中的神奇、變幻成份，並將之轉化成吸引聽眾的娛樂性故事，兩者創作目的完全不同。因此，將各種佛經中的降魔故事與〈破魔変文〉比較，魔王號召魔軍於前的過程，魔軍成員的容貌描述，魔女的誘惑方式等，情節架構與內容上有不少差異。再者，〈破魔変文〉是以民眾為對象之娛樂性故事，在講述部分多運用種種修辭技巧，在唱詞中多投影於登場人物的情感、氣勢等，在故事表達技巧上充滿著創意與巧思。本文認為〈破魔変文〉與佛經之間最大差異在於是否追求娛樂性質。構成〈破魔変文〉故事趣味性的要素中，講述與唱詞的表達技巧是其中的重要成份，本文寫作與探討的重點即著眼於〈破魔変文〉如何凸顯其講唱表達技巧，並由此表現出故事的趣味性。本文先比較四種佛經與〈破魔変文〉的情節架構與內容，分析變文作者藉由佛經轉換為娛樂聽眾的故事過程中，所添加的各種巧思；復分析〈破魔変文〉講述部分的修辭特色，以及唱詞部分在故事架構中扮演的角色，探討其中提高娛樂效果之故事表達技巧。｜＂Po-mo Bianwen＂ is a saying and singing literature created based on the stories found in the Buddhist scriptures. The Buddhist scriptures were created for doctrinal evangelism, whereas most of the Bianwens were created by extracting wonder elements in Buddhist scriptures to make it a story that interests the general public. Therefore, when comparing the Buddhist scriptures with the ＂Po-mo Bianwen,＂ there are various differences in the process until the Devil formed the Devil Army, the depiction of the Demon Army, and the method of temptation by the Devil's daughters, etc. Also, since it is an entertaining story for the general public, there are various ingenuity in expression techniques such as narratives with full use of rhetoric and singing with the emotions and momentum of the characters. This paper focus on the fact that the most characteristic feature of ＂Po-mo Bianwen＂ when compared with Buddhist scriptures is a story with entertainment, study the expression techniques of narrative and singing, which is essential for enhancing the entertainment.