當事人合意原則與關係最切原則之優劣比較－兼評兩岸國際私法立法

深受大陸法系傳統影響的大陸與臺灣，在國際私法立法上傾向於明確的規則－直接明文規定涉外糾紛適用何地法律進行調整。但考慮到國際私法調整的私領域這一「私」之性質，立法不憚於在某些情況下授權於當事人或法官進行選擇，自主決定應當適用的法律。因而，允許主體自由選擇的「當事人合意原則」和「關係最切原則」即成為熱點。解析二者的實質在於「授權於當事人」抑或「授權於法官」後，從價值目標、限制力度、主觀感受三方面分析二者的優劣，並對大陸與臺灣現行國際私法立法進行評析，提出建議。

關鍵字

當事人合意原則；關係最切原則；限制；統治

並列摘要

Deeply affected by the Civil Law System, the two sides across the Taiwan Straits usually adopted the definite rule on legislation of private international law, that is, directly pointed out what choice of law is to govern in a special foreign-related case. But when considering the ＂private＂ of private international law, the legislature would like to authorize the party or the judge to decide the applicable rules of law at their own will in certain cases. Thus, the party autonomy and the most significant relationship theory become the focal focus. The article probes into the pros and cons of the two theories from three levels: the value, the restriction and the subjective feelings of the party. Then, it provides some proposals against the legislation of the two sides across the Taiwan Straits.