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  • 期刊

刑法不法利得沒收制度溯及適用之憲法問題

Constitutional Issues Related to the Retroactive Effect of Confiscation of Proceeds in the Criminal Law

摘要


本次刑法修法雖然一改舊法時期沒收制度的陳舊之弊,實屬立意良善;然而沒收新制溯及既往適用條款卻是典型的針對性立法,其立法動機固然有其剝奪惡質廠商不法所得的質樸正義感使然,但刑事法領域中的禁止溯及既往原則正是要求立法者及法律適用機關必須自我提醒,刑罰正義的實現不得以犧牲法治國原則為代價。然而令人遺憾的是,無論從憲法意涵的罪刑法定原則、刑事法領域中禁止溯及既往原則的內涵,乃至於比較法上德國刑法及其施行法的具體規範而言,本次立法全面引進德國刑法利得沒收制度的同時,卻完全忽略或錯誤解讀禁止溯及既往的憲法要求,自與憲法上罪刑法定原則意旨有違。

並列摘要


The amendment to the Criminal law solved some existing problems in the original law. However, the new confiscation and retroactive provisions are typical legislation targeted at specifi c incident. The legislative intent is to deprive the unscrupulous companies of keeping the proceeds from illegal behaviors. Nevertheless, the prohibition on criminal retroactive laws requires the legislators and the agencies that apply the laws have to be reminded that the realization of criminal justice cannot be at the cost of compromising the principle of rule of law. Regrettably, if we review the issue from the constitutional principle of no penalty without a law, the prohibition on the retroactive applicatio and the comparative German criminal laws and its application rules, the amendments while introducing the confiscation of proceeds from the German law, totally neglect or wrongly interpret the constitutional requirements that prohibit any retroactive laws. Therefore, it is in violation of the constitutional principle of no penalty without a law.

參考文獻


林鈺雄編(2016)。沒收新制(一):刑法的百年變革
立法院(2015a),〈院總第246 號政府提案第15453 號〉,《立法院第8 屆第8 會期第13 次會議議案關係文書》,http://lci.ly.gov.tw/LyLCEW/agenda1/02/pdf/08/08/13/LCEWA01_080813_00178.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2016/12/5)。
立法院(2015b),〈增訂中華民國刑法第三十七條之一、第三十七條之二、第五章之一章名、第三十八條之一至第三十八條之三、第四十條之二條文及第五章之二章名;刪除第三十四條、第三十九條、第四十條之一、第四十五條及第四十六條條文;並修正第二條、第十一條、第三十六條、第三十八條、第四十條、第五十一條、第七十四條及第八十四條條文─完成三讀─〉,《立法院公報》,104 卷98 期(二),頁245-280。
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