論沒收－刑法修正草案“沒收”規範評析

A Study on Confiscation-A Review on the Amended Draft of Penal Code

傅美惠(Meei-Huey Fuch)

《中正大學法學集刊》 17期 (2004/10) Pp. 177-236

https://doi.org/10.30094/NCCULJ.200410.0004

摘要

刑罰，不論主刑或從刑，不論是限制剝奪「身體權」或「財產權」，均涉及刑事被告憲法上權利，刑罰施用之妥當與否，一直是人權先進國家之重要人權指標，更是「人權保障」最有力之一道試金石。沒收實已不僅具有從刑之性質，實已具有犯罪之「從屬效果」，為貫徹法治國刑法之理念，符合法治國家憲法保障人民財產權（及生存權）之法理，沒收具有「類似刑罰」之性質，故刑罰之施用，除應遵守一事不二罰原則（雙重危險禁止原則）一「雙重評價禁止原則」及「充分評價原則」，法官裁判宣告沒收時，或檢察官於職權處分聲請單獨宣告沒收時，更應審慎考量「沒收之宣告」是否符合、比例原則、罪刑法定原則、法律明確性原則、人道原則、罪責原則（罪責相當性、罪責均衛原則）等法治國原則。

關鍵字

一事不二罰原則 ； 雙重危險禁止原則 ； 雙重評價禁止原則 ； 充分評價原則 ； 比例原則 ； 罪刑法定原則 ； 法律明確性原則 ； 人道原則 ； 罪責原則 ； 罪責相當性 ； 罪責均衡原則

並列摘要

Penalties, no matter principal penalties, accessory penalties or punishment which deprive the rights of the body or property, are involved in defendants' constitutional rights. Thus, the fitness on the imposition of the penalties is always an important index that reflects the level of a country's human right. The fitness of the penalties also symbolizes as the powerful touchstone for human rights protection. Confiscation not only possesses the quality of accessory penalty, but also contains the ”subordinate effect” of a crime. To achieve the goal of a legal state's penal code, and to meet the rule of a legal state's constitution that protects the property rights (and the existence rights) of the people, it is important to address the concept that confiscation owns the quality similar to punishment”. In accordance with this philosophy, the imposition of punishment, in one way, should obey the principle that no one is punished twice for the same offense (The bar against double jeopardy), i.e., following the dual valuation prohibition principle and the sufficient valuation principle. In addition, when the judge or prosecutor declares ”confiscation”, they should consider whether their declaration of confiscation coincides with those legal state's principles, e.g., principle of proportionality, principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime, clarity principle of law, humanity principle, principle of suiting punishment to crime (punishment in accordance with crime, balance between crime and punishment), etc.

並列關鍵字

The Principle of Bar against Double Jeopardy ； The Principle of Dual Valuation Prohibition ； The Principle of Sufficient Valuation ； The Principle of Proportionality ； The Principle of a Legally Prescribed Pu