大陸土地使用權與臺灣地上權法制之比較研究

A Comparative Study between the Authorization of Land Use in Mainland China and the Legal Framework of Real Estate in Taiwan

林清汶(Ching-Wen Lin)

《法令月刊》 68卷8期 (2017/08) Pp. 124-147

https://doi.org/10.6509/TLM.2017.6808.06

摘要

土地係影響不動產市場重要因素，對於兩岸土地權利法制與效益深入探討。大陸土地所有權屬於公有制為國家或集體所有，私人依法僅得取得土地使用權；臺灣一般人依法均得以取得土地所有權，地上權為所有權所屬之定限物權。臺灣地上權與大陸使用權近似，同屬於在他人土地上利用之用益物權；大陸土地使用權得以轉讓、出租、抵押等，臺灣地上權亦得以轉讓、抵押，並無禁止轉租，但仍有相異之處。本文係以兩岸土地法制權屬、時效取得、以及權利變動衍生之優先購買權等課題作探討，從兩岸各種法制層面歸納、分析，據以比較並作效益研究。

關鍵字

土地使用權 ； 地上權 ； 優先購買權 ； 兩岸法制 ； 大陸物權 ； 時效取得

並列摘要

This article explores the land rights system across the strait and the efficiency there of, as land is a critical influence in the property market. Land ownership in China is public, either owned by the government or groups, where individuals are only afforded land use rights. In Taiwan, individuals can obtain land title in accordance with the law, where superficies are part of the rights in rem with respect to land ownership. Superficies in Taiwan are similar to land use rights in China, both are usufruct on land not owned by the user. Land use right in China allows transfers, leases, and mortgages; in Taiwan, transfers, mortgages are permitted as well as subleasing, and there are still differences between the two systems. By investigating issues including the rights of ownership, adverse possession, and priority purchasing right derived from change of right in the land laws on both side of the strait, comparative analyses of the two systems on various levels were made in order to determine their efficiency and benefits.

並列關鍵字

Land Use Right ； Superficies ； Priority Purchasing Rights ； Cross-Strait Legal Systems ； Right in Rem China ； Adverse Possession

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