交通警察違反作為義務與廢弛職務罪之思維

危險的防止與監控是交通警察的責任，對於應作為而不作為，致釀成災害，即應受到責難。災害的發生必須與法定職務有關連性，如屬駕駛人個人因素或其他外在原因的介入，即不能認為構成廢弛職務釀成災害罪。本文提出「可不可避免性原則」，作為判斷交通警察是否構成該罪，交通警察發現危險事實，屬於可避免的情形，而未採取應有的作為，以致釀成災害，當然必須負責，反之如屬於不可避免、偶發因素或是裁量的範圍，基於刑法謙抑原則，刑法當然無須過問。實務上未曾發生交通警察因廢弛職務釀成災害罪而被移送、起訴或判決案件，本文研究發現該罪仍有存在的必要性，並以常見酒醉駕車、砂車石超載及無照駕駛等類型分析，希望警察單位能適時執法，不要心存僥倖，以免受到該罪的處罰，以保障用路人的安全。

關鍵字

廢弛職務；危險防止與監控；酒醉駕車；砂石車；無照駕駛

並列摘要

Preventing the traffic danger and providing the monitor is the responsibility of Traffic officers, and if the damage caused by who should have to do or not to do, he or she must be blamed. The damage must be associated with the police's legal authority, but if the traffic accident caused by the driver's personal fault or other reasons, we should not consider the cause is neglecting police's duty. The paper provide the concept of ＂The avoidable or unavoidable principle＂ to judge if a traffic officer obey the criminal obligation or not. It is of course that the traffic officer should be responsible for the damage if he or she must to something or not to do, otherwise, if the damage was caused by the unavoidable or occasional factors, the traffic police must be considered blameless. Last but not least, the paper focus on the behavior of breaching and neglecting duties, and taking the Drunk driving, Driving without a license and other deviant behaviors for example, hoping the police authority would concern and should enforce the law properly to make sure the safety of the passers-by.