論有責性在美國無責離婚法之反動－與我國法之比較論析

無責離婚法或破綻主義離婚法已為現代離婚法之主流，但有責性的概念，從離婚原因到離婚效果，皆未見其完全退場。美國現行離婚法號稱無責離婚法，但在離婚原因上，多數州在無責離婚中仍保留有責離婚原因，且現今有責性之討論重點，已從是否准予離婚的離婚原因面向，轉至離婚效力的面向上，力求對經濟弱勢離婚者婚後生活的保護，而我國離婚法雖於1985年加入民法第1052條第2項本文，得以婚姻破裂訴請離婚，惟同條第2項但書否定有責配偶之離婚請求，使我國在離婚原因上之有責色彩仍扮演重要的角色，至於離婚效力，民法第1056條離婚損害與第1067條贍養費之規定要件，亦深含有責色彩，未隨破綻主義無責之精神而去除，故我國之破綻主義離婚法，從離婚原因到離婚效果，有責性之因素皆存續其中。本文認為，美國與我國之離婚法，在有責性之相關概念下，有其相似性，亦有其不同處，值得深入對比思考，期能透過本文之比較研究，提供更多的思考與啟引。

關鍵字

無責離婚；有責離婚；破綻離婚；財產分配；贍養費

並列摘要

No-Fault Divorce Law or Breakdown Divorce Law has been the recent trend of divorce law in the world. However, the concept of fault has not thus entirely gone away either on the grounds of divorce or the consequences of divorce. The current divorce law in the United States adopts so-called No-Fault Divorce Law. However, most states still retain fault-based grounds of divorce in No-Fault Divorce. Besides, the issues of nowadays in terms of fault has been changed from the grounds of divorce to the consequences of divorce, focusing on protecting the life of the economic weaker party after divorce. In Taiwan, couples can sue for divorce based on the breakdown of marriage according to Article 1052, the first part of Section 2 in the Civil Law in 1985. However, if the claimer is at fault in the breakdown of the marriage, courts will deny his or her sue for divorce according to Article 1052, the last part of Section 2 in the Civil Law. Moreover, fault still plays an important role in Article 1056 concerning the damages for divorce and in Article 1057 concerning alimony in spite of the coming of Breakdown Divorce. Since the issues of fault in the divorce law are very interesting either in the United States or in Taiwan, this paper will explore and compare the American divorce law and Taiwanese divorce law, expecting to improve and develop a better divorce law.