高中柔道選手競技能力的影響因素與向度驗證

本研究目的主要是探討柔道競技能力的影響因素與向度，並檢證工具是否具有信效度。本研究以質性研究方法探索，訪談6位曾參加奧運柔道賽選手，將資料加以內容分析並建立概念，再以量化研究方法編制量表，針對362位高中選手施測，以因素分析來驗證。其結果為：一、影響因素包括：社會支持、挫折歸因、目標導向、自我調適、求勝意志、自主思維、搶手功效、指導默契、戰術準備及技術發展等。二、心理技能的向度為「超越企圖」、「自我激勵」、「自我控制」、「社會支持」、「重要他人」等；技術技能的向度為「得意技、搶手」與「戰術優勢」等。而心理技能各分量表之內部一致性信度介於0.58～0.90之間，整體信度為0.95，整體解釋變異量為62.08%；技術技能為0.77 與0.89，整體信度為0.92，整體解釋變異量為51.61%，具有可接受的信度與效度。故完成一份本土性的柔道測量工具，以利臺灣柔道選手的各項競技能力的向度，編製一量表可作為教練及選手解決問題之參考，使得臺灣柔道選手擁有適合自己的競技能力的特徵。

關鍵字

心理技能；內容分析；戰術優勢

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the dimensions and factors that affect the development of judo competitive abilities, and further examine the validity and reliability of the designed study. This study design was a qualitative research consisting of individual interview and questionnaire. The study interviewed 6 Olympic judo contestants and employed content analysis in order to establish fundamental concepts and further develop questionnaire. The questionnaire was a quantitative research, distributed to 362 high school judo players and their responses were explicated by factor analysis and item analysis. The results revealed: (1) influenced the development of judo competition abilities includes: social supports, attributions to frustrations, goal orientation, self-adjustment, determination for victory, self-governing consciousness, efficacy of hand grab, rapports between players and coaches, preparation for tactics, and development of skills. (2) Two dimensions were discussed: psychological skills including attempts to surpass, self-encouragement, self-control, social supports, and significant others. Another dimension, special technical skills, hand grab, and predominance of strategies. The results also indicated that the reliability and the validity were carefully demonstrated. Specifically, the internal consistent reliability of the psychological skill was between 0.58 and 0.90, the total reliability was 0.95, and the total explained variance was 62.08%. On the other hand, the technical skill was between 0.77 and 0.89, the total reliability was 0.92, and the total explained variance was 51.61%. This data indicates that this indigenous questionnaire is able to provide an initial evaluation of judo competitive abilities. In conclusion, the results indicates that developing an elaborate questionnaire to measure dimension of individual judo competitive ability is required because the fact that it can provide a better reference base for both players and coaches to solve potential problems. Furthermore, this study can be able to assist judo players in choosing their specialties according to their competitive competences.