抽菸對大學生運動表現與心率變異性的影響

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Exercise Performance and Heart Rate Variability in College Students

李佳倫(Chia-Lun Lee) ； 張文典(Wen-Dien Chang) ； 鄭景峰(Ching-Feng Cheng) ； 李佳融(Chia-Jung Lee)

《大專體育學刊》 15卷1期 (2013/03) Pp. 75-87

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.1501.008

摘要

本研究旨在探討抽菸對男性大學生心率變異性（heart rate variability, HRV）、反覆衝刺表現和最大有氧能力的影響。31名習慣抽菸和99名無抽菸的受試者以隨機方式完成實驗。所有受試者於正式測驗前一週進行反覆高強度衝刺運動和20公尺折返跑練習。反覆高強度衝刺運動是由6×10-s衝刺所組成，每次衝刺之間有60-s動態恢復的休息時間；20公尺折返跑是指依照音樂節拍完成反覆20公尺的跑步，可作為最大有氧能力指標。受試者在反覆高強度衝刺運動前先以仰臥姿勢平躺安靜休息20分鐘並監測HRV，隨後完成衝刺測驗後再以相同姿勢平躺並監測HRV30分鐘。受試者在腳踏車測功儀上進行反覆高強度衝刺運動時記錄峰值功率、平均功率、總作功、心跳率和運動自覺努力程度。研究結果顯示：抽菸組與無抽菸組的峰值功率、平均功率、總作功、心跳率和運動自覺量表未達顯著差異，但是抽菸組的最大攝氧量與血壓分別顯著低於和高於無抽菸組。抽菸組的相鄰值平方合的均方根（root mean square successive difference, RMSSD）、相鄰正常心跳間期差值超過正常心跳間期差50毫秒的百分比（proportion of differences of adjacent R-R interval > 50 ms, pNN50）、高頻（high frequency, HF）和自然對數高頻（natural logarithm of the high frequency, lnHF）顯著高於無抽菸組。本研究結論是抽菸可能減弱最大攝氧量和升高運動後血壓，但不會影響無氧能力。此外，抽菸導致反覆高強度衝刺運動後的迷走神經驅策力增加，可能是為了增進運動後恢復期副交感神經系統的調節。

關鍵字

無氧能力 ； 最大有氧能力 ； 頻譜分析

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on heart rate variability (HRV), repeated sprint performance and maximum aerobic capacity in male college students. Thirty-one habitual smokers (S) and ninety-nine non-smokers (NS) completed this randomized experimental design. Prior to experiment, all participants were familiarized to the exercise protocol with a repeated high-intensity sprint test (RST) and a 20-m shuttle test (ST). RST test consists of 6 × 10-s sprints with 60-s active recovery between each sprint, and ST is a 20-m shuttle run according to the tempo of the music as indicating maximum aerobic capacity. The HRV parameters were recorded in supine position for 20-min prior and 30-min following the RST test. The peak power, mean power, total work, heart rate and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were taken during the RST on a cycle ergometer. Results showed no significant differences on peak power, mean power, total work, heart rate and RPE between S and NS groups. However, maximal oxygen uptake was significantly lower and blood pressure was significantly higher in S group than in NS group. Furthermore, the root mean square successive difference (RMSSD), proportion of differences of adjacent R-R interval ＞ 50 ms (pNN50), high frequency (HF), and natural logarithm of the high frequency (lnHF) were significantly higher in S group compared to NS group. We concluded that cigarette smoking may impair maximum aerobic capacity and increase blood pressure at the post-exercise, but the anaerobic capacity is not altered. Moreover, cigarette smoking increases vagal drive after RST that may be due to increased parasympathetic modulation during post-exercise recovery.

並列關鍵字

anaerobic capacity ； maximum aerobic capacity ； spectral domain analysis

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