男大專生身體適能與認知功能之關聯

Relationship between Physical Fitness and Cognitive Function in Male College Students

齊璘(Lin Chi) ； 陳豐慈(Feng-Tzu Chen) ； 祝堅恆(Chien-Heng Chu) ； 張育愷(Yu-Kai Chang)

《大專體育學刊》 16卷3期 (2014/09) Pp. 311-320

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.1603.005

摘要

許多研究已指出身體適能與認知功能間之正向關聯，然由於其關聯性強度受到許多因素之影響，因此研究仍須持續之探究。本研究之目的在進一步探究認知功能類別與身體適能指標此兩因素在身體適能與認知功能間之關係。本研究招募163位男性大專生進行有氧適能、瞬發力、柔軟度、肌耐力，以及身體質量指數等身體適能指標之檢測，並採用可同時量測基礎訊息處理與抑制相關執行功能之Stroop測驗。研究結果顯示，有氧適能與執行功能相關的Stroop測驗情境表現間呈現正向關聯；瞬發力則與所有Stroop測驗情境呈現正向關聯。此外，肌耐力與柔軟度則分別與執行功能相關或非執行功能相關的Stroop測驗情境表現間呈現正向關聯。最後，身體質量指數則未與任何Stroop測驗情境存在關聯。本研究結論：身體適能的特定指標與不同認知功能間有針對性效益之關係，此結果亦支持過去所提出之選擇性效益假說，並將其推展至不同身體適能指標。本研究並就神經電生理、大腦功能，以及心理層面等角度提出該關聯之可能機制，為後續身體適能與認知功能之研究提供基礎。

關鍵字

執行功能 ； 心肺適能 ； 有氧適能 ； Stroop測驗

並列摘要

A growing number of studies have suggested a positive association between physical fitness and cognitive function among adults. However, the magnitude of the association is affected by several potential factors, and the specifics of the relationship are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study attempted to examine the correlations between various physical fitness types and cognitive performance, by considering as two potential factors. One hundred sixty-three male college students were recruited for this study. Physical fitness of participants, including cardiovascular fitness, muscular power, flexibility, muscle endurance and body mass index were measured. Cognitive performance was measured via the Stroop test that assessed basic information processing and inhibition aspect of executive function. The results indicated that cardiovascular fitness was positively associated with the task conditions reflected in executive functions. Muscle power was positively associated with all conditions related to Stroop test. Moreover, muscle endurance and flexibility was positively correlated to executive function and non-executive functions, respectively, whereas none of these relationships was observed with body mass index and the Stroop test performance. The present study suggested that specific physical fitness indices might exhibit selective beneficial effects on cognitive function, which was in line with previously proposed selective improvement hypothesis. Our study further extended the hypothesis to other type of physical fitness. Finally, several potential underlying mechanisms, with respective of neuroelectrical, brain function, and psychological aspects were provided for future research.

並列關鍵字

executive function ； cardiovascular fitness ； aerobic fitness ； Stroop test

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