- 期刊
不同年齡層女性跑者之性別協商與能動性的建構
Construction of Gender Negotiation and Agency in Female Runners of Different Ages
摘要
本研究主要目的以Nelson的女性主義視角切入，重新思考不同年齡層女性參與馬拉松之運動經驗，並企圖挖掘女性如何透過運動重新再現其主體意識。馬拉松一般被視為中性化運動，並具有堅毅、執著、耐性等運動特質。但有趣的是，過去相關媒材報導卻大量以強調男性為主體，探討跑者經驗與人生信念等知識建構。因此本研究採質性個案，針對6名來自不同年齡層，且參與同一路跑俱樂部的女性跑者進行深度訪談。研究回顧參與女性跑者的運動經驗、認識及信念所建構的知識論述，將女性參與運動的自我發展與自我實現分為：一、父權體制對於女性參與運動的影響；二、運動參與及身體探索的運動認同歷程；三、女性主體性的再現，三個層次進行討論。結果發現不同年齡層的女性參與馬拉松闡述了父權體制再製的流變，從「家庭」的女性角色實踐到女性特質的「身體」雕塑，長期以來總是不自覺地受到壓迫，而參與運動則成為一種建構自我的自主與自覺。本研究結論得知關於女性跑者認知主體形構不可抹滅的是，儘管建構在父權意識的男性跑者知識上，但她們從「完成」、「習慣」的態度面對路跑／馬拉松運動，體現了來自於日常生活中的習慣、情感交織及堅持的運動承諾，進而建構屬於自己的主體性。
並列摘要
Adopting Lynn Hankinson Nelson's feminist perspective, this study aimed to understand the experiences of female runners of different ages, especially with regard to their construction of subjectivity. The marathon/race has usually been considered a gender-neutral sport that encompasses the qualities of passion, persistence, patience, and perseverance. However, most sports media and related studies have largely focused on male runners and relied solely on male runners' experience and knowledge about the sport. A qualitative case study was adopted in the research. Six female runners from two age groups were targeted. Three major themes were discovered: (1) influences of patriarchal social values on female runners; (2) self-identity through practices of the body and mind; (3) construction of subjectivity in sports. The results from the different age groups of these targeted female runners highlighted changes to the patriarchal regime. In other words, the runners' roles shifted from mothers at home to female runners in the club. They were self-conscious of participating in the sport while still restricted by the social norms of being women. We conclude that the experience of these female runners represented a process of negotiation with patriarchal social values. On the other hand, their participation in sports provided them with a necessary means for the construction of knowledge and their subjectivities.