- 期刊
優秀游泳選手之肺功能分析：一年追蹤研究
Analysis of Lung Function in Elite Swimmers: A One-Year Follow Research
摘要
本研究目的在於追蹤分析優秀游泳選手1年，比較3個時期（訓練期、比賽期與調整期）時肺功能之變化。徵召臺灣16～22歲游泳選手32人（男16、女16），根據主要參賽與最佳成績項目分為短距離組15人與中長距離組17人。使用血壓機、肺功能量計與20m折返跑來檢測游泳選手之心肺功能。以二因子變異數分析比較不同性別、距離游泳選手間身高與年齡之差異。並以三因子重複量數變異數分析比較不同性別、距離游泳選手在不同訓練時期間身體組成、心血管參數與最大攝氧量之差異；而分析肺功能指標時則加入身高因子作為共變數。研究結果顯示：男性游泳選手不僅身材較高大，第一秒用力吐氣量與十秒最大換氣量更是顯著高於女性。中長距離選手有較高的最大攝氧量，但肺功能表現並未顯著優於短距離選手。比賽期的安靜時血壓與最大攝氧量顯著較高，但肺功能指標卻未隨著訓練時期有顯著改變。本研究結論：在考慮個別身高差異影響後，優秀游泳選手之肺功能指標在單一年度訓練時期間或是長短距離專項間並未有顯著差異，但男性仍有顯著較佳的心肺適能。本研究結果可作為游泳運動選材及評估選手狀況的參考依據，但仍需未來研究延伸調查不同層級與專項的游泳選手。
並列摘要
The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of lung function in elite swimmers for 1 year through 3 different training periods, including preparatory, competitive, and transition phases. A total of 32 swimmers aged from 16 to 22 years from Taiwan (16 males and 16 females) were recruited, and categorized into short- (n = 15) and mid-to-long- (n = 17) distance swimmer groups based on their primary swimming events with the best performance. The cardiopulmonary function of participants was assessed using the blood pressure instrument, lung spirometry, and 20-meter shuttle run testing. Two-way (Gender × Distance) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the group differences in body height or age. Three-way (Gender × Distance × Phase) repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the group/phase differences in body composition, cardiovascular parameters, predicted maximal oxygen consumption (VO_(2max)), and pulmonary function indices (controlling for Body Height). Results showed that the male simmers were not only taller than the female swimmers, but also having higher values of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and maximal ventilation volume in 10 seconds. The mid-to-long-distance swimmers had a greater VO_(2max) than the short-distance swimmers, but pulmonary function indices were not significantly different between the groups. The swimmers' blood pressure and VO_(2max) were significantly higher in the competitive phase, but not pulmonary function parameters. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in pulmonary function indices among training periods and also between the groups, when taking individual body height into account. The male swimmers, however, had significantly higher cardiopulmonary function than the females. Our data can be used for selecting the talented swimmers or monitoring their training/fatigue status. Yet, further studies are necessary to investigate the changes in pulmonary function of swimmers in different competition levels or swimming styles.