大專游泳選手訓練參與動機、組織歸屬感與行為意圖之研究

目的：本文旨在瞭解大專游泳選手參與游泳訓練之動機及參與訓練後對組織產生歸屬感及行為意圖之調查。方法：以問卷調查法針對2019年參加全國大專運動會游泳選手進行抽樣調查，透過自編量表方式進行調查，參考侯勝宗與樊學良（2014）、張志銘等（2017）、張志銘與曹慧真（2014）、陳冠伶與洪煌佳（2012）、蒲逸悧（2012）、劉若蘭（2007）、Ajzen（1989）及Gillen-O'Neel與Fuligni（2013）編製「大專游泳選手訓練參與動機、組織歸屬感與行為意圖調查量表」為工具，共計發放500份問卷，回收有效問卷為458份。結果：一、大專游泳選手人數逐年降低、男性又高於女性、越高年齡者參與游泳訓練人數越低，另大專游泳訓練屬於延續性之運動。二、不同背景變項的大專游泳選手在訓練參與動機與組織歸屬感具有差異性存在。三、訓練參與動機與組織歸屬感具有顯著相關存在。四、大專游泳選手訓練參與動機與組織歸屬感正向影響其行為意圖。結論：游泳競賽屬於個人運動競賽項目，然在訓練過程中有團體練習效果介入，會使游泳選手對組織認同進而產生歸屬感，提升游泳選手參與訓練的動機及組織歸屬感會正向激勵選手繼續練習的行為意圖，進而提升游泳競賽成績。

關鍵字

計畫行為理論；健康需求；知覺組織

並列摘要

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate training motivation to belongingness and behavioral intention in university swimming contestants. Methods: The questionnaire method was adopted in this study, "The survey scale of training participation motivation, organizational belongingness and behavioral intention of swimmers in universities," referring to Ajzen (1989), Chen & Hung (2012), Chang & Tsao (2014), Chang et al. (2017), Gillen-O'Neel & Fuligni (2013), Hou & Fan (2014), Liu (2007), and Pu (2012) was employed, and the swimming contestants in the 2019 National Intercollegiate Athletic Games served as the subjects of this study. There were 500 questionnaires distributed, and a total of 458 valid questionnaires were collected. Results: (1) The number of university swimming contestants decreased yearly. Males are higher than females; the older the age, the fewer swimmers participate in swimming training. (2) University swimming contestants with different background variables had differences in training participation motivation and organizational belonging. (3) It showed a significant correlation between training motivation and belongingness. (4) It also showed that training motivation and belongingness positively impacted the behavioral intention of university swimming contestants. Conclusion: Although swimming is an individual sport, participating in group training could foster contestants' organizational identity to obtain belongingness. Moreover, boosting their training motivation and belongingness could promote their behavioral intention to keep practicing to improve their performance.

並列關鍵字

theory of planned behavior ； health needs ； perceived insider status

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