增加籃球鞋大底彎折度對變換方向動作生物力學特性之影響

籃球屬於高強度的團體競技運動，比賽過程中球員需要透過下肢動作進行變換方向（change of direction, COD）技能，然而現今籃球鞋因大底可容許的彎折度較低，使其限制蹠骨的關節活動範圍和COD的表現。因此，本研究目的嘗試增加籃球鞋大底彎折度，探討其在執行COD動作時生物力學特性之影響。第一階段以6名專業籃球員以赤足方式進行多方向COD測試，期間透過透明地面以高速攝影機拍攝赤足彎折軌跡；第二階段以第一階段實驗結果進行實驗鞋之鞋底彎折溝槽切割，並進行鞋款之彎折度測試；第三階段以21名專業籃球員依平衡次序法穿著以赤足彎折軌跡製作之彎折度增加鞋（實驗鞋）與控制鞋，進行COD與側併步測試，記錄運動學、動力學、肌肉活化以及主觀感受等參數。實驗結果顯示：比較實驗鞋與控制鞋於地面反作用力、地面接觸時間與關節角度變化，均無發現任何顯著差異。在COD測試中，推蹬期之內側腓腸肌與側併步著地期之脛前肌，實驗鞋有顯著較大的肌肉活化程度。此外，受測者主觀感受認為實驗鞋對於衝刺與切入動作上有所幫助。本研究結論認為增加籃球鞋大底彎折度，對於穿著者下肢特定肌群之肌肉活化有顯著增加；穿著者之主觀感受度較佳，同時不會負面影響COD與側併步之生物力學參數。

關鍵字

肌肉活化；主觀感受；推蹬期；著地期；赤足

並列摘要

Basketball is a high-intensity sport that requires rapid change of direction (COD) movements during a game. However, the outsole of basketball shoes is made of synthetic rubber for increased durability and friction, which causes hardness and limits metatarsophalangeal joint movement. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of increasing outsole bending flexibility of basketball shoes on biomechanical characteristics in COD movements. The study had three stages: first, six basketball players executed multiple COD tasks and straight sprinting while barefoot. A high-speed camera recorded the footwork during these tasks to establish the bending lines under barefoot conditions. Second, an increase in the outsole bending flexibility of basketball shoes was made by cutting the bending lines. Stiffness measurement was conducted to determine the shoes' flexibility and non-flexibility. Third, 21 basketball players were randomly assigned shoes having either increased or non-increased flexibility to perform COD 45° and lateral shuffle tasks. Biomechanical characteristics and subjective perception scale data were collected. Results showed no significant difference in ground reaction force, ground contact time, and joint angle during the COD 45° and lateral shuffle tasks between the two shoes. The increased-flexibility shoes brought significantly greater muscle activation of the medial gastrocnemius during the propulsive phase in COD and the anterior tibialis during the braking phase during the lateral shuffle task. The participants subjectively claimed that the increased-flexibility shoes improved COD performance. This study concludes that increasing the outsole bending flexibility of basketball shoes has a positive effect on the muscle activity of the lower extremity and subjective perception but no negative effect on biomechanical characteristics during COD 45° and lateral shuffle tasks.

並列關鍵字

muscle activation ； subjective perception ； propulsive phase ； braking phase ； barefoot

參考文獻

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