不同性質有機質肥料對茶樹生長與土壤化學性質之影響

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on the Growth of the Tea Plants and the Chemical Properties of Soils

魏匡立(Kuang-Li Wei) ； 王鐘和(Chong-Ho Wang)

《臺灣農業化學與食品科學》 49卷4期 (2011/08) Pp. 205-219

https://doi.org/10.6578/TJACFS.2011.024

摘要

探討茶園種植一年生青心烏龍（Chin-shin Oolong）、臺茶十二號（TTES No.12）及臺茶二十號（TTES No.20）施用羊糞堆肥（sheep manure compost, SMC）和菜子粕（rape seed meal, RSM），以二種等級施肥量（肥料氮含量為慣行推薦氮用量壹點五倍及三倍），對茶園土壤化學性質及茶樹生育之影響。結果顯示，在相同氮用量下，土壤酸鹼值、交換性鉀、鈣、鎂含量均以羊糞堆肥處理高於菜子粕處理，而土壤中交換性鋁濃度則相反，是以菜子粕處理較高，而有機質和有效磷含量在各處理間則無差異。青心烏龍和臺茶十二號兩品種茶樹地上部植體乾重都以菜子粕三倍氮量處理最高，但是和其他三種處理間未達顯著差異。青心烏龍枝條之全氮、鉀、鋁元素濃度在不同處理間均達顯著差異，皆以菜子粕三倍氮量處理為最高，但在葉片元素濃度上則無明顯之差異。臺茶十二號和臺茶二十號枝條和葉片之元素濃度，在各處理間均無明顯差異。青心烏龍和臺茶十二號的枝條及葉片之元素吸收量，在各處理間均以菜子粕三倍氮量處理為最高；而臺茶十二號和臺茶二十號之羊糞堆肥三倍氮量處理的枝條和葉片之元素吸收量皆最低。種植後10、12及14個月青心烏龍植體乾重均與表土pH值介於4.5至5.5時呈顯著負相關，與交換性鈣含量介於200－600mg／kg時，亦呈顯著負相關，而與交換性鋁含量小於200mg／kg時呈顯著正相關。

關鍵字

茶樹 ； 有機質肥料 ； 土壤酸鹼值 ； 土壤交換性鋁含量

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two kinds of organic fertilizer (sheep manure compost, SMC and rape seed meal, RSM) with two application levels (1.5 times and 3 times of the conventional recommended N level) on the soil properties and the growth of three varieties of tea-plants (Chinshin Oolong (CCOL), TTES No. 12, and TTES No. 20). The results showed that the soil pH, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg contents of SMC-treated soil were higher than those of the RSM-treated soil, but the concentration of exchangeable Al in SMC-treated soil was lower than that of the RSM-treated soil. There was no difference in the soil organic matter and the soil available phosphorus content among the four treatments. The aboveground dry weight of CCOL and TTES No.12 plants grown under the RSM3.0 treatment was higher than that of the other treatments, but no significant difference was observed as compared with other treatments. Total nitrogen, potassium and aluminum concentrations in stems of Chin-shin Oolong had significantly difference among each treatment. However, RSM3.0-treated plot was the highest among all the treatments, but element concentrations in leaves had no significant difference among each treamtment. Element concentrations in stems and leaves of TTES No. 12 and TTES No. 20 had no significant difference among each treatment. Element uptake in stems and leaves of Chin-shin Oolong and TTES No. 12 in RSM3.0-treated plot was the highest among all the treatments. However, element uptake in stems and leaves of TTES No. 12 and TTES No. 20 in SMC3.0-treated plot was the lowest. Plant dry weight of CCOL sampled in 10 MAP, 12 MAP, and 14 MAP (months after planting) was significantly negative-correlated with pH values of surface soil ranging form 4.5 to 5.5, was significantly negative-correlated with exchangeable calcium content ranging from 200 to 600 mg/kg, and was significantly positive-correlated with exchangeable aluminum content ranging from 0 to 200 mg/kg.

並列關鍵字

Tea plant ； Organic fertilizer ； Soil pH value ； Exchangeable Al content of soil