不同的有機質肥料連用七年對土壤化學性質、酵素活性及微生物族群結構的影響

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Soil Chemical Properties, Enzyme Activities, and Microbial Community after Treating for Seven Years

陳存澤(Tsun-Tse Chen) ； 王斐能(Fei-Neng Wang) ； 鍾仁賜(Ren-Shih Chung) ； 張義宏(Ed-Haun Chang)

《臺灣農業化學與食品科學》 50卷4期 (2012/08) Pp. 179-188

https://doi.org/10.6578/TJACFS.2012.020

摘要

土壞中之微生物特性為土壤品質重要指標之一，土壤酵素被視為土壤生態系受擾動、土壤受污染、作物對有機添加物反應、土壤品質及肥力等的指標。穩定及功能多樣的微生物族群將影響土壤品質，土壤的生物多樣性也可當做土壤品質和生態系穩定的指標。本研究之目的在探討經七年37作栽培葉用蔬菜，並施用不同種類之有機質肥料後，對土壤化學性質、和碳、氮、磷、硫等元素循環有關的土壤酵素活性及土壤微生物族群結構之影響，以作為設施土壤管理的參考。本研究設置於桃園區農業改良場溫網室試驗田，採逢機完全區集排列，共有六個處理，分別為：（一）牛糞堆肥處理（代號CattleDC）；（二）豬糞堆肥處理（代號HogDC）；（三）雞糞堆肥處理（代號PoultryDC）；（四）大豆粕處理（代號SBM）；（五）豌豆苗殘體堆肥處理（代號PeaRRC）；（六）輪施處理（依次施用牛糞堆肥－豌豆苗殘體堆肥－豬糞堆肥－大豆粕－雞糞堆肥）（代號SequentialA）。結果顯示在溫室條件下，不同的有機質肥料經集約連續處理七年之後，對土壤微生物族群之多樣性與豐度之影響不同，各處理中細菌所佔的比例最高（90%以上），其次為真菌，放線菌最低（少於1%）。連續施用牛糞堆肥導致土壤飽和水導電度顯著提高；連續施用大豆粕則使土壤pH值下降至極酸並導致土壤酵素活性及微生物活性、微生物族群數量下降，施用豌豆苗殘體堆肥對微生物族群數量及微生物活性的影響為各處理中最高者；輪流施用不同種類的堆肥，所測定之土壤化學性質、生物性質、酵素活性與微生物族群大小均非各處理中最高的，即未呈現較大之變化，對作物而言，應該是比較有利的。

關鍵字

施肥管理 ； 土壤酵素 ； 微生物生質量 ； 微生物族群 ； 磷脂質脂肪酸

並列摘要

Microbial characteristics of soil have been regarded as important indicators of soil quality. Soil enzyme activities can be used as an index for soil disturbance, response of crops to organic amendment, soil pollution, soil quality, and fertility. Stable and functional diversity of microbial community is very important to soil quality. Soil microbial diversity can also be used as an indicator for soil quality and stability of an ecological system. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different kinds of organic fertilizers on soil chemical and biological properties as well as the microbial community sturcture after treating for seven years while cultivating 37 crops of vegetables. There were six treatments, including: (1) CattleDC (cattle dung compost), (2) HogDC (hog dung compost), (3) PoultryDC (chicken dung compost), (4) SBM (soybean meal), (5) PeaRRC (pea seedling residue compost), and (6) SequentialA (sequential applications of the above five kinds of organic matters mentioned). The results showed that continuous application of CattleDC resulted in the highest electric conductivity of soil saturation extract. SBM treatment resulted in the lowest soil pH, which was due to SBM mineralized rapidly in the soil. Continuous application of the same organic fertilizer on the same plot also resulted in differing in soil microbial structure. All treatments showed the bacteria were the largest population (greater than 90%), fungi the next and the actinomycetes the least (less 1 %). The SBM treatment also resulted in the lowest soil enzyme activities and the least microbial biomass. In contrast, application of PeaTRC increased a greater biomass of different microbial community, and the highest enzymatic activities. Sequential application of different organic matters did not result in the highest or the lowest value of the measurements. It is supposed to be more beneficial to the planted crops.

並列關鍵字

Fertilization management ； Soil enzyme ； Microbial biomass ； Microbial community ； Phospholipid fatty acid