從心理語言學觀點看口吃與詞類的關係

The Disfluency Loci in Relation to Grammatical Classes:A Psycholingustic Perspective

楊淑蘭(Shu-Lan Yang)

《中華民國聽力語言學會雜誌》 16期 (2001/11) Pp. 1-19

https://doi.org/10.6143/JSLHAT.2000.11.10

摘要

研究者利用10對3歲半、12對4歲半口吃與正常兒童和12位口及老人，共56人的語言樣本進行雙重測量重複量數多變量變異數分析。發現：就個別詞類而言，3歲半組口吃兒童比其他二組口吃者的不順暢較多發生在代名詞，4歲半組口吃兒童的不順暢比成人口吃者容易發生在連接詞，顯示學前兒童的不順暢比成人容易發生在虛詞；所有兒童的不順暢發生在代名詞的比率都比期望值高出甚多，但口吃成人的不順暢發生在動詞的比率比期望值高，發生在代名詞的比率卻與期望值相當。從實詞和虛詞的角度來看，三個口吃組都有較多的不順暢發生在實詞；成人組比3歲半有較多的不順暢發生在實詞，但3歲半組口吃兒童卻比成人有較多的不順暢發生在虛詞。對口吃與正常兒童而言，相較於其他正常詞類，有較多的不順暢發生在動詞和代名詞。口吃兒童比正常兒童有較多的不順暢發生在數詞、連接詞和否定詞；3歲半組與4歲半組的兒童不順暢發生在某一詞類的比率並無差異。研究結果發現口吃者發生不順暢的位置是有關的，尤其是實詞較容易發生口吃，但仍須考慮某一詞類出現在句中的位置，因此矯正口吃時應特別注重實詞的練習，研究者從心理語言學的觀點討論本研究結果和臨床應用的意義。

關鍵字

不順暢的位置 ； 口吃 ； 詞類 ； 實詞 ； 虛詞

並列摘要

This investigation compared disfluency loci in the speech of stuttering and normally fluent speakers of Mandarin. It was designed to investigate whether differences existed in the distribution of disfluent events according to specific grammatical classes, and the global categories of function and content words. Stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) were identified in audio-tape recordings of 56 participants' conversational speech. They were divided into five groups: adults who stuttered, younger (3.5-4.5 years old) and older (4.5-5.5 years old) preschool children who stuttered, and younger and older normally fluent preschool children. The results show that the stuttering adults had a higher percentage of SLD in content words than the younger stuttering preschool children, whereas the younger stuttering preschool children had a higher percentage of SLD in function words than the stuttering adults. For all the stuttering participants, however, the percentage of SLD in content words was higher than that in function words. Additionally, no significant differences in the proportional distribution of SLD occurred in content and function words when comparing younger to older preschool children. Nevertheless, for all the preschool children, the percentages of SLD that occurred in both verbs and pronouns were significantly higher than the percentages of SLD in the other classes. The findings are compared to the results of previous studies in English, and several interpretations are proposed.

並列關鍵字

disfluency locus ； stuttering ； grammatical classes ； function words ； content words

參考文獻

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