護理之家住民口腔健康,吞嚥功能情形及其相關因素之研究

本研究目的是了解護理之家住民口腔健康、吞嚥功能情形及其影響因素；研究方法採橫斷式研究法，描述相關性研究設計，採配額取樣，以中部某五所護理之家100名住民為研究對象，研究者以一對一及面對面方式，運用結構式問卷收集樣本之基本特徵、心智狀態量表、老年憂鬱量表、巴氏量表、口腔健康狀況與吞嚥功能情形等資料，所得資料經SPSS統計軟體進行描述性统計，而推論性統計资料經檢定後不是常態分布使用無母數的檢定方法,分别以Mann –Whitney U test、Kruskal-Wallis test統計，並以斯皮爾曼(Spearman’s)等級相關係數分析「口腔健康」與「吞嚥功能」的相關性。研究結果顯示慢性疾病、憂鬱狀況、宗教信仰會影響口腔健康狀況；而性別、慢性疾病等因素則與吞嚥功能有關；再者護理之家住民的口腔健康與吞嚥功能呈現顯著負相關。在逐步迴歸分析顯示變數宗教信仰、慢性疾病、憂鬱狀況對口腔健康的整體解釋力為20.4%(F = 7.33, p < .05)；變數性別、慢性疾病對吞嚥功能的整體解釋力為13.1%(F = 4.737,p < .05)。此結果可做為長照機構住民未來改善口腔健康及維持吞嚥功能情形之依據。

關鍵字

口腔健康；吞嚥功能；護理之家住民

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to understand the oral health and swallowing function of residents in nursing homes and their influencing factors; the research method adopts a cross-sectional study method, describes the design of the correlation study, and uses quota sampling, taking 100 residents from a five nursing home in the central part. Research object, the researcher uses structured questionnaire to collect basic characteristics, mental state scale, geriatric depression scale, Pap scale, oral health status and swallowing function in a one-on-one and face-to-face manner. Descriptive statistics are performed by SPSS statistical software, and inferential statistics are not normally distributed after verification. Use the method of non-numeric verification, respectively Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test statistics, and Spearman's. The rank correlation coefficient analyzes the correlation between "oral health" and "swallowing function".Research results show that chronic diseases, depression, and religious beliefs affect oral health; gender, chronic diseases, and other factors are related to swallowing function; and the oral health of residents in nursing homes is significantly negatively correlated with swallowing function. The stepwise regression analysis showed that the overall explanatory power of variable religious beliefs, chronic diseases, and depression on oral health was 20.4% (F =7.33, p <.05); the overall explanatory power of variable gender and chronic diseases on swallowing function was 13.1% (F = 4.737, p <.05). This result can be used as a basis for the residents of long-term care institutions to improve their oral health and maintain their swallowing function in the future.