學齡前兒童環境聲音辨識測驗初探及題項分析

環境聲音的辨識是日常生活的重要能力，但相關研究卻十分有限。本研究以環境聲音辨識測驗為工具，研究對象為304名聽力正常的3至6歲兒童，分上下學期收集資料，上學期137名未記錄個案性別、年齡，下學期167名，測驗時加收性別與年齡資料。3到6歲各組人數依序為26人（男16/女10）、50人（男27/女23）、56人（男34/女22）、以及35人（男16/女19）。研究目的有二：一是探討性別和年齡對兒童環境聲音辨識能力之效應；二是分析此測驗在台灣的適用性及其限制，作為將來應用時之參考。研究結果顯示前兒童的環境聲音辨識能力隨年齡增長而增加。不同性別學前兒童的環境聲音辨識能力則表現相當。在測驗適用性方面，根據試題反應理論的分析，顯示全測驗有中等的鑑別度，而難度偏低則顯示測驗內容簡單，有利於兒童積極參與。此外，環境聲音的三式測驗難度相當，符合Finitzo-Hieber、Gerling、Matkin和Cherow-Skalka (1980)的測驗複本設計，三式測驗可替代使用。在研究建議方面，本研究為初探性質，在題目未修訂、常模未建立、以及國內無其他類似測驗可供使用時，聽語人員可參考本研究所提供之數據，將此測驗納入聽覺障礙學生的聽覺能力評估項目，以監測其聽覺發展，並作為擬定聽覺復健計畫的依據。另外，此測驗也可以作為低口語能力或發展遲緩兒童之聽覺功能篩檢工具。

關鍵字

聲音知覺；環境聲音辨識；學齡前兒童；試題反應理論；聽力損失

並列摘要

Sound recognition is a fundamental auditory skill for individuals' perception with various sound events in everyday life. Sound Effects Recognition Test (SERT) is a test which was developed by Finitzo-Hieber, Gerling, Matkin and Cherow-Skalka (1980) and was originally designed to assess the performance of sound recognition in children with hearing loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the sound recognition performance of 3-to-6-year-old children with normal hearing as well as to determine the usability of SERT for children in Taiwan. 304 children participated in this study and the results showed that Taiwan preschool children with normal hearing can recognize environmental sounds quite well, although few items of SERT may be uncommon to them. Also, the results revealed that environmental sound perception improved with age, on the average, the subjects can reach over 90 percent correct in SERT by age 5 to 6. This study proved that the SERT can be used as an assessment tool for functional hearing on preschool children in Taiwan. Furthermore, the data of normal hearing children can be used as a comparative baseline when SERT is implemented on children with hearing loss in the future investigation.