台灣失語症患者詞彙命名的錯誤類型探討

本研究旨在探討失語症患者命名的錯誤類型分布情形，進而深入分析中文的詞彙提取訓練之策略。研究參與者是30位頭部外傷或中風後的失語症患者，27位男性，3位女性，年齡為26至77歲（平均年齡= 52歲）。研究者參考Philadelphia Naming Test（PNT），以及Gordon與Cheimariou在2014年所使用的命名作業詞單，譯成中文後，尋找無背景的黑白線條圖卡200張，經過圖片命名一致性的評量後，保留175個命名詞彙，做為本研究的中文圖片命名施測材料。每位研究參與者皆完成175張圖片命名作業。其命名反應包括正確、語意型語誤、語音型語誤、無關詞、創新詞、贅加詞，和無反應。本研究結果顯示：一、不同嚴重程度患者在命名正確率上有顯著差異；二、在錯誤類型分布上，有28位為語意型語誤居多，2位為語音型語誤居多。三、30位研究參與者中有29位個案詞彙命名有一部分需要藉由贅加詞（在目標詞彙前或後加上形容詞、量詞，或是動詞）才能命名出正確詞彙。本研究結果顯示該命名作業與失語症嚴重度有相關，此外，語意型錯誤類型為主的失語症患者比例很高，且贅加詞也與中文慣用詞組的使用方面有關聯性。這樣的命名錯誤類型分析有助於語言治療師瞭解失語症患者常有的錯誤類型，再依其類型，採取適當略，來提升命名能力。

關鍵字

失語症；圖片命名；詞彙提取；命名錯誤

並列摘要

The purpose of the study was to investigate the types of paraphasia from a naming task in people with aphasia (PWAs), and to explore the relationship between the picture naming performance and language abilities. Thirty participants (3 females) completed the naming task including 175 black and white line drawings. In the beginning, the results showed that 28 PWAs performed semantic paraphasia more than phonological paraphasia whereas 2 PWAs had phonological paraphasia more than semantic paraphasia. It manifested that PWAs often used the semantic association to produce the target word. Second, 29 PWAs spoke the added words assisting to produce the target words. Third, there were significant differences on the percentages of naming accuracy among the severity of aphasia according to Concise Chinese Aphasia Test (CCAT) scores. Finally, there was positive relationship between the naming performance and language abilities in PWAs. We suggested that the semantic and phonological strategies had benefit for PWA while they received the training of word retrieval.