臺灣亂彈戲之曲牌套式初探

臺灣俗諺「食肉食三層，看戲看亂彈。」之亂彈戲，是臺灣重要的劇種之一。臺灣亂彈戲之主要唱腔為板腔體，但從民間樂師之口述資料與民間抄本中，卻發現有些劇目演唱曲牌體。循著這一線索，本文透過交叉比對民間抄本，找尋亂彈戲之曲唱腔與相應之劇目，並進而將這些曲牌體與元雜劇、明傳奇之曲牌套式進行初步比較，發現亂彈戲之曲牌聯套計有北曲聯套、南北合套、南北合腔、套中夾套等諸種形式，而其套式組成皆不脫南北曲套式之規範中。此一現象，除透露臺灣亂彈戲之曲牌唱腔具有規範性外，亦顯示屬於清代花部亂彈一脈之臺灣亂彈戲，與雅部唱腔之間具有某種程度之關聯性。

關鍵字

亂彈戲；北管；曲牌；套式；曲牌聯套

並列摘要

Luan-tan-xi is one of the main types of opera in Taiwan. Its music for voices is composed of ”Ban Qiang” system. However, ”Qu-pai” system was identified from the narration of the folk musicians and manuscripts. Therefore, this study compared the manuscripts to find the corresponding lists of plays for ”Qu-pai” system in Luantan-xi, and compared that ”Qu-pai” with others in Yuan-za-ju and Ming-chuan-qi. The results showed that the list of plays for ”Qu-pai” includes Bei-qu Lian-tao, Nan-pei He-tao, Nan-pei He-qiang, Tao-in-tao, and follows the standard of Nan-pei-qu. Therefore, it proves that the ”Qu-pai” of Taiwan Luan-tan-xi follows a certain standard, and is a branch of Hua-bu-luan-tan in the Ching Dynasty, and has correlation with Ya-bu music of voices.