台灣戰後初期的中醫醫政發展：一種延續與斷裂關係的分析

The Medical-Political Development of Chinese Medicine at the Post-War in Taiwan (1945-1949): An Analysis of Its Connecting and Breaking Relationship with Its Previous Status

葉永文(Yun-Wen Yeh)

《台灣醫學人文學刊》 12卷1&2期 (2011/05) Pp. 66-88

https://doi.org/10.30097/FJMH.201105.0006

摘要

自古以來，中醫一直是國家與社會中具支配性的醫療主體，但當西方的科學醫學傳入之後，中西醫療便進入一種競爭衝突的關係中。然而這種競爭衝突關係的結果卻讓中醫逐漸退出國家醫政的支配領域，成為民間社會之醫療體系的一環，更甚者，在西醫醫政的意圖操控下，中醫在民間社會上所盤據的地位卻也岌岌可危，顯見中醫在其發展上的困境與無奈。針對1945年至1949年台灣戰後初期之中醫發展脈絡的討論，由於兩岸政權合一的特殊歷史時局，本文先考察了國府大陸時期和台灣日治時期的中醫發展概況，比較其異同之後再按視戰後初期的中醫發展概況，從而歸整出這時期的中醫發展與過去有何延續與斷裂關係。為能深入地瞭解這樣的關係，本文係以醫政上的論述、謀略、和權力等三面向，來分別就當時具支配性的醫療觀念、一些政策佈局、以及中西醫療間的競逐關係進行檢視與分析。

關鍵字

中醫 ； 科學醫學 ； 論述 ； 謀略 ； 權力

並列摘要

For centuries before the introduction of the Western medicine into the Chinese society, the Chinese medicine had been the dominating role in the medication mainstream. However, since then, Chinese and Western medicines were in conflict, and the main role of Chinese medicine was gradually replaced by the Western one. Eventually, the Chinese medicine runs into a developmental dilemma under the control of Western medical police. To explore the development of Chinese medicine during 1945 to 1949, the present study first analyzed and its developmental history in mainland China and in Taiwan before these two were unified politically and then made a comparison which reveals an overall picture of Chinese medicine during this era and its connection with its previous status. It aims to examine and analyze the prevailing concepts of medical cares, medical policy making and competing relationship between the two medicine constructs from the perspectives of medical police with respect to discourse, strategy and power.

並列關鍵字

Chinese medicine ； scientific medicine ； discourse ； strategy ； power